{"id":7332,"date":"2017-03-02T17:33:40","date_gmt":"2017-03-02T14:33:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=7332"},"modified":"2018-02-12T11:38:12","modified_gmt":"2018-02-12T08:38:12","slug":"fransada-38-000-yillik-kaya-sanati-ornegi-kesfedildi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2017\/03\/02\/fransada-38-000-yillik-kaya-sanati-ornegi-kesfedildi","title":{"rendered":"Fransa\u2019da 38.000 y\u0131ll\u0131k kaya sanat\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011fi ke\u015ffedildi"},"content":{"rendered":"

2012 senesi yaz\u0131nda, bir grup arkeolog Fransa\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneybat\u0131s\u0131nda yer alan bir kaya s\u0131\u011f\u0131na\u011f\u0131n\u0131n zeminindeki kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131ndan k\u0131r\u0131k blo\u011fu \u00e7evirdiklerinde, belki de Avrupa\u2019da ke\u015ffedilmi\u015f en eski kaya sanat\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011fiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131lar.<\/em><\/p>\n

Bir aurochs<\/em> (soyu t\u00fckenmi\u015f yabani bir \u00f6k\u00fcz t\u00fcr\u00fc) fig\u00fcr\u00fc ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck noktan\u0131n kaz\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 levha, Avrupa\u2019ya ula\u015fan ilk Homo sapiens<\/em> grubundan olan Orinyasiyen k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne aittir. 24 Ocak tarihinde Quarternary International Dergisi<\/em>\u2019nde yay\u0131mlanan rapora g\u00f6re, yap\u0131lan radyokarbon testi kaz\u0131man\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fini 38.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nceye g\u00f6t\u00fcrmekte.<\/p>\n

S\u00f6z konusu kaya s\u0131\u011f\u0131na\u011f\u0131ndaki son kaz\u0131lar\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren ve ayn\u0131 zamanda bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara ili\u015fkin yay\u0131n\u0131n da ortak yazar\u0131 olan New York \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden antropolog Randall White, ta\u015f plakan\u0131n; insan topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n Avrupa k\u0131tas\u0131na yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131 en erken d\u00f6nemde, k\u0131ta boyunca olu\u015fan b\u00f6lgesel bezeme tekniklerine \u0131\u015f\u0131k tuttu\u011funu ifade ediyor.<\/p>\n

Buluntunun geldi\u011fi yer, Abri Blanchard ad\u0131yla bilinen ve olas\u0131l\u0131kla avc\u0131-toplay\u0131c\u0131 gruplar\u0131n k\u0131\u015f\u0131n bir araya topland\u0131klar\u0131 k\u0131smen y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f durumdaki kaya s\u0131\u011f\u0131na\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Fransa\u2019n\u0131n V\u00e9z\u00e8re Vadisi\u2019ne yak\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir yerle\u015fim olan Sergeac\u2019ta bulunan s\u0131\u011f\u0131na\u011f\u0131n uzunlu\u011fu 20 m\u2019dir. Ayr\u0131ca, bu alan Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n en eski kaya sanat\u0131 \u00f6rneklerinin k\u00fcmelendi\u011fi bir b\u00f6lgedir. Abri Blanchard\u2019da \u00fcst\u00fc kaz\u0131mal\u0131 ba\u015fka levhalar da y\u00fczy\u0131l \u00f6nce amat\u00f6r arkeologlar Louis Didon ve Marcel Castanet taraf\u0131ndan 1910 ile 1912 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan kaz\u0131larla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6rneklerde temsil edildi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen sanatsal imge ise \u00e7o\u011fu kez kad\u0131n genital organ\u0131\/vulva olarak yorumlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunda, Abri Blanchard\u2019daki kaz\u0131larda bulunan kalp benzeri kaz\u0131malar\u0131 yorumlamas\u0131 i\u00e7in fikrine ba\u015fvurulan Frans\u0131z bir ba\u015frahibin rol\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Ba\u015frahibin 1911 y\u0131l\u0131nda mevcut kaz\u0131malar\u0131 kad\u0131nlara ait edep yeri \u201cpudendum muliebre\u201d \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlamas\u0131 bug\u00fcne dek kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Fakat Abri Blanchard\u2019daki \u00e7izerler yaln\u0131zca kad\u0131n formuna ilgi g\u00f6stermemi\u015flerdir. Bununla birlikte, White ve ekibinin g\u00f6zlemlerine bak\u0131l\u0131rsa; atlardan kedilere, halkay\u0131 and\u0131ran birtak\u0131m geometrik desenleri de i\u00e7eren \u00e7e\u015fitli estetik diziler kulland\u0131klar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Didon\u2019un ekibi 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda kaya s\u0131\u011f\u0131na\u011f\u0131n\u0131 neredeyse tamamen bo\u015faltm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla White ve ekibi 2011\u2019de yeniden ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131nda; \u00f6nceki kaz\u0131lardan kalan toprak at\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131na inip hi\u00e7 dokunulmam\u0131\u015f prehistorik bir tabakaya ula\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar yukar\u0131da tan\u0131t\u0131lan yaban \u00f6k\u00fcz\u00fc tasviri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda; ta\u015ftan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f y\u00fczlerce aletle birlikte Ren geyi\u011fine ait olan \u00e7ok say\u0131da hayvan kemi\u011fine rastlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, fildi\u015finden boncuk ve delinmi\u015f bir tilki di\u015finden olu\u015fan dekoratif kemik eserler bulmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

White ve arkada\u015flar\u0131, ta\u015f levhan\u0131n bir Orinyasiyen insan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ya kaz\u0131nmak \u00fczere ma\u011faraya d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan getirildi\u011fini ya da ma\u011faran\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp i\u015flendi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmektedirler.<\/p>\n

Orinyasiyen d\u00f6nemi yaban \u00f6k\u00fcz\u00fc betimleri, Fransa\u2019daki Chauvet Ma\u011faras\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere ba\u015fka yerlerde de bulunmu\u015ftur. \u00d6rne\u011fin bahsi ge\u00e7en levhada saptanan s\u0131ral\u0131 noktalar, Orinyasiyenlere ait mamut veya fildi\u015finden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kimi objelerde g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ancak ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lara g\u00f6re, bu noktalama i\u015faretlerinin bir hayvan fig\u00fcr\u00fc ile birlikte kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 istisna te\u015fkil ediyor.<\/p>\n

Avrupa sanat\u0131n\u0131n en erken \u00f6rneklerinde saptanan ana unsurlar, g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan bu ta\u015f levhadaki detaylarla \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmektedir. Bununla beraber White, genel bir uyumun yan\u0131nda baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgesel farkl\u0131l\u0131klar oldu\u011funu vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu \u00f6rnek; b\u00f6lgesel, grupsal ve bireysel d\u00fczeylerde sanat\u0131 ve d\u00f6vme k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc sosyal kimli\u011fin bir belirteci olarak ele alan sosyal co\u011frafya modellemeleri ile de \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u0130leri Okuma<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

Bourrillon, R. et al<\/em>., \u2018\u2019A new Aurignacian engraving from Abri Blanchard, France: Implications for understanding Aurignacian graphic expression in Western and Central Europe\u2019\u2019, Quaternary International (eri\u015fime a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f tarihi: 24 Ocak 2017). http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.quaint.2016.09.063.<\/p>\n

Bourrillon, R. et al.<\/em>, Quaternary International 2017. Kaynak: https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/article\/cow-carved-stone-paints-picture-europes-early-human-culture.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

2012 senesi yaz\u0131nda, bir grup arkeolog Fransa\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneybat\u0131s\u0131nda yer alan bir kaya s\u0131\u011f\u0131na\u011f\u0131n\u0131n zeminindeki kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131ndan k\u0131r\u0131k blo\u011fu \u00e7evirdiklerinde, belki de Avrupa\u2019da ke\u015ffedilmi\u015f en eski kaya sanat\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011fiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131lar. Bir aurochs (soyu t\u00fckenmi\u015f yabani bir \u00f6k\u00fcz t\u00fcr\u00fc) fig\u00fcr\u00fc ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck noktan\u0131n kaz\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 levha, Avrupa\u2019ya ula\u015fan ilk Homo sapiens grubundan olan Orinyasiyen k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne aittir. 24 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":433,"featured_media":8561,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[211,20,19],"tags":[243,244,459,458],"class_list":["post-7332","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-antropoloji","category-arkeoloji","category-bilim-gundemi","tag-antropoloji","tag-arkeoloji","tag-avci-toplayici","tag-kaya-sanati"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t