D\u00fcnya\u2019da ge\u00e7irdikleri ilk 2 milyon y\u0131l\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde, insanlar avc\u0131-toplay\u0131c\u0131lar olarak savanalar\u0131 dola\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. G\u00fcney Afrika-Kalahari\u2019de oldu\u011fu gibi, grup olarak avlanma sayesinde, k\u00f6kler, meyveler ve yapraklarla beslenen hayvanlar\u0131n besin a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011ferini ke\u015ffettiler. 130-190 bin y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinin b\u00fcy\u00fck buzul \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 savanalar\u0131n alan\u0131n\u0131 daraltmaya ba\u015flay\u0131nca, i\u00e7lerinden birinin akl\u0131na kabuklu deniz hayvanlar\u0131 ve sahilden ba\u015fka deniz \u00fcr\u00fcnleri yemek geldi. K\u0131y\u0131 yerle\u015fimleri muhtemelen daha da \u00f6nce ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ama art\u0131k k\u0131y\u0131lar su alt\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, bunu hi\u00e7bir zaman bilemeyiz. Protein a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zengin b\u00f6yle bir beslenme d\u00fczeni, beyin i\u00e7in faydal\u0131 ve karadaki avlara nazaran elde edilmesi daha kolayd\u0131r.\u00a0 Kald\u0131 ki savanalar buzul \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda kuruduklar\u0131 zaman bile deniz \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek gibi bir avantajlar\u0131 vard\u0131.<\/p>\n
Kabuk art\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n karakteristik y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, b\u00f6yle bir k\u0131y\u0131 yerle\u015fiminin kan\u0131tlar\u0131na rastlamak olduk\u00e7a kolayd\u0131r. Tek sorun, insanlar\u0131n ne kadar uzun s\u00fcredir k\u0131y\u0131larda yerle\u015fmekte olduklar\u0131n\u0131 bulmakt\u0131r. Kabuk art\u0131klar\u0131 genellikle denizin kabarma \u00e7izgisinin tam \u00fcst\u00fcnde bulunur ama ge\u00e7mi\u015f 200 bin y\u0131l\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funda deniz seviyesi bug\u00fcnk\u00fc sahillere nazaran metrelerce a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dayd\u0131. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla -\u00f6rne\u011fin 125 bin y\u0131l \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nem gibi- ara buzul d\u00f6nemlerinde deniz seviyelerinin y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu s\u0131ralarda yay\u0131lan kabuklar hari\u00e7 bir\u00e7o\u011funun kayboldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebiliriz. Avustralya\u2019n\u0131n erken kolonizasyonuna dair bu modelin ger\u00e7ek olmas\u0131 kuvvetle muhtemeldir, ama tarihler sadece arkeolojik kan\u0131tlar\u0131nkiyle de\u011fil, b\u00fct\u00fcn di\u011fer Avrasya yay\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131n genetik soya\u011fac\u0131ndaki molek\u00fcler saat ile de uyumlu olmal\u0131d\u0131r. E\u011fer bu sahili takip etme teziyle, hem Avustralya\u2019ya hem de d\u00fcnyan\u0131n geri kalan\u0131na yay\u0131lan tek bir Afrika d\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6\u00e7 modeli kuracaksak, Hindistan\u2019a, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya\u2019ya do\u011fru yay\u0131lman\u0131n ve Yeni Gine\u2019ye do\u011fru paralel hareketin s\u0131ras\u0131 ve tarihleri konusunda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc tahminler yaparak i\u015fe ba\u015flamal\u0131y\u0131z. Bu tahminler teorinin s\u0131nav\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" D\u00fcnya\u2019da ge\u00e7irdikleri ilk 2 milyon y\u0131l\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde, insanlar avc\u0131-toplay\u0131c\u0131lar olarak savanalar\u0131 dola\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. G\u00fcney Afrika-Kalahari\u2019de oldu\u011fu gibi, grup olarak avlanma sayesinde, k\u00f6kler, meyveler ve yapraklarla beslenen hayvanlar\u0131n besin a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011ferini ke\u015ffettiler. 130-190 bin y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinin b\u00fcy\u00fck buzul \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 savanalar\u0131n alan\u0131n\u0131 daraltmaya ba\u015flay\u0131nca, i\u00e7lerinden birinin akl\u0131na kabuklu deniz hayvanlar\u0131 ve sahilden ba\u015fka deniz \u00fcr\u00fcnleri yemek […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":429,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[85,211,20],"tags":[523,243,244,230,532,529],"class_list":["post-8776","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-47-sayi","category-antropoloji","category-arkeoloji","tag-afrika","tag-antropoloji","tag-arkeoloji","tag-insanlik-tarihi","tag-kiyi-yerlesimi","tag-neandertal"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8776","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/429"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8776"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8776\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8776"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8776"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8776"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nNeanderthal<\/em>ler \u0130spanya ve \u0130talya\u2019daki sahilleri 60 bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce doldurdular, onlar\u0131n bu al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 Afrika\u2019dan getirmi\u015f olmalar\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bununla birlikte, yak\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fe kadar, Afrika\u2019daki k\u0131y\u0131 yerle\u015fimine dair en eski tarihli kan\u0131t G\u00fcney Afrika\u2019daki Klasies nehrinden gelmektedir ve 100 ila 115 bin y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine tarihlendirilmi\u015ftir. Gene de 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda, G\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131 Kap\u0131s\u0131\u2019n\u0131n tam kuzeyinde K\u0131z\u0131l Deniz\u2019in bat\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda Eritre\u2019deki Abdur\u2019da daha erken tarihli bir k\u0131y\u0131 yerle\u015fiminin izine rastlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Eemian ara buzul d\u00f6neminin doruk noktas\u0131na 125 bin y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine tarihlenmi\u015f olan bu sahil yerle\u015fmesi, b\u00fcy\u00fck memeli hayvanlar\u0131n par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 da bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k bir beslenme d\u00fczenine i\u015faret ediyor. Volkanik bir cam t\u00fcr\u00fc olan obsidiandan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f b\u0131\u00e7ak a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131, modern insanlar taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f gibidir.
\nK\u0131z\u0131l Deniz\u2019deki bu yerle\u015fim yerinin \u00f6nemi iki kat fazlad\u0131r: Bir k\u0131y\u0131 yerle\u015fimi hakk\u0131nda en erken tarihli kan\u0131t\u0131 sunmaktad\u0131r ve Afrika\u2019dan g\u00fcney \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yoluna \u00e7ok yak\u0131nd\u0131r. Her iki durum da ta Avustralya\u2019ya uzanabilecek \u00e7ekici bir modeli yans\u0131t\u0131r. K\u0131y\u0131 yerle\u015fimlerinin kalabal\u0131kla\u015f\u0131p k\u0131y\u0131n\u0131n alan\u0131na s\u0131\u011famayacak hale gelince sonraki ke\u015ffedilmemi\u015f k\u0131y\u0131ya yerle\u015fip b\u00f6yle devam ettikleri konusunda ilgi \u00e7ekici bir hik\u00e2yeye ula\u015f\u0131yoruz. B\u00f6yle h\u0131zl\u0131 bir ilerlemeyle, K\u0131z\u0131l Deniz\u2019den yola \u00e7\u0131kan \u00f6nc\u00fc gruplar Hint Okyanusu\u2019nu \u00e7evreleyen k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 izlemi\u015f ve 10 bin y\u0131l i\u00e7inde do\u011frudan Endonezya\u2019ya ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131rlar. Zaman\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck deniz seviyeleri Aden\u2019den Java burnuna kara y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne izin vermi\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Sonra da insan yerle\u015fiminin en eski izlerinden kabuk art\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu Avustralya\u2019ya do\u011fru adadan adaya atlam\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n