{"id":8875,"date":"2013-09-01T19:33:50","date_gmt":"2013-09-01T16:33:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.232.216.219\/~bilimvegelecek\/?p=8875"},"modified":"2017-05-13T19:41:56","modified_gmt":"2017-05-13T16:41:56","slug":"nazilerden-akpye","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2013\/09\/01\/nazilerden-akpye","title":{"rendered":"Nazilerden AKP’ye"},"content":{"rendered":"

Totalitarizmin dilini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek<\/strong><\/p>\n

Victor Klemperer, Nazizm d\u00f6neminde Almanya\u2019da s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131p kalm\u0131\u015f bir Yahudi filolog. \u00d6nceleri \u00fcniversitede ders verirken i\u015fi elinden al\u0131n\u0131yor. \u201cAri\u201d bir kad\u0131nla evli oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in fabrikada \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak ve g\u00f6\u011fs\u00fcnde sar\u0131 y\u0131ld\u0131z ta\u015f\u0131mak \u015fart\u0131yla ya\u015famas\u0131na izin veriliyor, tabii bir\u00e7ok k\u0131s\u0131tlama ve yasakla birlikte. \u201cAri\u201dlerle konu\u015fmas\u0131, tramvayda onlarla ayn\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmde oturmas\u0131, kitap okumas\u0131, yazmas\u0131, \u00f6zg\u00fcrce d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmesi yasak. Bir Gestapo taraf\u0131ndan veya sokaktaki herhangi bir insan taraf\u0131ndan, her \u00e2n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lanmayla, k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 i\u015ften de\u011fil \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc onun do\u011fu\u015ftan gelen eksikliklere sahip oldu\u011fu varsay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan en insani eylem bile ona hak g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Ancak insan beyni, en k\u00f6t\u00fc \u015fartlarda bile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ve \u0131\u015f\u0131ldamaya devam ediyor. Klemperer da y\u0131llar\u0131n al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla, etrafta u\u00e7u\u015fan kelimelere kulak kesiliyor. Bunu t\u00fcrl\u00fc engellemeler ve zorluklar i\u00e7erisindeyken yap\u0131yor; kar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n getirdi\u011fi gazetelerle, haberlerle, onun k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitaplarla, sokaktayken veya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 fabrikada kula\u011f\u0131na \u00e7alan kelimelerle. Esas olarak kelimelerin Nazi Almanya\u2019s\u0131nda kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeni anlamlar\u0131 veya Nazi Almanya\u2019s\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan yeni kelimeleri kendisine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015f\u0131mlarla beraber defterine not ediyor. Sava\u015f sonras\u0131 bas\u0131lan kitab\u0131 LTI<\/em> (Lingua Tertii \u0130mperii) bu not defterinin temelinde oldu\u011fu, yar\u0131 an\u0131, yar\u0131 deneme tarz\u0131nda bir kitap. Klemperer\u2019in kitab\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak tercih etti\u011fi k\u0131saltma, Latince \u201c\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u0130mparatorlu\u011fun Dili\u201d, Nazi rejiminin kendisine 3. Reich ad\u0131n\u0131 takmas\u0131ndan esinlenmi\u015f.<\/p>\n

LTI<\/em>\u2019y\u0131 T\u00fcrkiyeli bir okuyucunun kendi ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131yla paralellik kurmadan okumas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Klemperer\u2019\u0131n dikkatini \u00e7ekti\u011fi gibi Yunanca polis kelimesinden gelen politika, Eski Yunan\u2019da \u00f6rne\u011fin bir pazar yerinde halka seslenme fiiliyle, yani hitabetle do\u011frudan ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131yd\u0131. Hitabetin tekrar \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 eski \u00e7a\u011flardan uzun bir s\u00fcre sonra, sinema, radyo, televizyon gibi ara\u00e7lar\u0131n \u00f6n pl\u00e2na \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 20. y\u00fczy\u0131lda oldu.Tekrar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bi\u00e7imiyle de, bir zamanlar Yunan polisinde pazar yerinde az say\u0131da insana seslenen politikac\u0131, bu sefer b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00fclkeye ve milyonlarca insana seslenme imk\u00e2n\u0131na sahip oldu. \u015e\u00fcphesiz bunu ilk kez olmasa da en ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde kullanan, Nazi rejimiydi. Klemperer\u2019in not defterinden Nazi rejiminin sans\u00fcr mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131, tek sesli bas\u0131n\u0131n\u0131, muazzam propaganda ayg\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 okurken T\u00fcrkiyeli okuyucunun akl\u0131na, Gezi eylemleri sonras\u0131nda ayn\u0131 man\u015fetle \u00e7\u0131kan gazetelerin, bas\u0131na uygulanan sans\u00fcr\u00fcn, farkl\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in i\u015ften at\u0131lan gazetecileringelmemesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. K\u0131sacas\u0131 totalitarizmin \u00f6ncelikli y\u00f6nelimi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabildi\u011fince tek seslili\u011fi sa\u011flamak.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Victor Klemperer, LTI Nasyonal Sosyalizmin Dili, \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2013, 419 s.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Tek seslilik sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 andan itibaren ise muktedir, ger\u00e7ekleri \u00e7arp\u0131tma ad\u0131na,kelimelerin anlamlar\u0131yla bile oynayabildi\u011fi bir ortama sahip oluyor. LTI<\/em>\u2019da bununla ilgili \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00f6rnek var. \u201cDinsel cezbeye kap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f vecd halinde bir insan\u201d anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fi i\u00e7in akla \u00f6nem veren Frans\u0131z ayd\u0131nlanmac\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan her zaman olumsuz anlamda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir kelime olan \u201cfanatik\u201d, Almancada da uzunca bir s\u00fcre ayn\u0131 muameleyi g\u00f6r\u00fcyor. Ancak nasyonal sosyalizm, \u00f6z\u00fcndeki fanatizm sebebiyle, kelimeye tamamen olumlu bir anlam y\u00fcklemek durumunda kal\u0131yor. Nasyonal sosyalizmin gazetelerinde ve Hitler\u2019in nutuklar\u0131nda \u201cfanatik\u00e7e iman\u201ddan, \u201cfanatik\u00e7e sadakat\u201dtan veya \u201cfanatik\u00e7e yemin\u201dden s\u00f6z edilmeye ba\u015flan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Bir T\u00fcrkiyeli a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndanparalel \u00f6rnekler bulmak zor de\u011fil. En \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 olan\u0131 ise 40 y\u0131ld\u0131r ismi T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede \u201cHaf\u0131z Esad\u201d olarak telaffuz edilen eskiSuriye Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n o\u011flu bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ba\u015fkanBe\u015far Esad\u2019\u0131n bir \u00e2nda \u201cEsed\u201d oluvermesi. Ku\u015fkusuz bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn nedeni, de\u011fi\u015fen T\u00fcrkiye politikalar\u0131 gere\u011fi art\u0131k \u201ckatliamc\u0131\u201d ve \u201cdiktat\u00f6r\u201d olarak alg\u0131lanmas\u0131 gereken Esad\u2019\u0131n, \u00e7ok k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre \u00f6ncesine kadar, medyada Tayyip Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n \u201caile dostu\u201d olarak lanse edilmi\u015f olmas\u0131. B\u00f6ylesi bir ani d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye halk\u0131n\u0131n alg\u0131lamas\u0131 elbette m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. D\u00fcn\u00fcn dostunu bug\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 olarak g\u00f6sterebilmek, ancak ad\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmekle m\u00fcmk\u00fcn gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f olmal\u0131. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde bir s\u00fcre \u00f6ncesine kadar ger\u00e7ek ma\u011fduru olan kesimler hari\u00e7 kimsenin g\u00fcndeminde olmayan, hatta yayg\u0131n olarak T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye huzur ve s\u00fck\u00fbn getirdi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen,siyasete askerin m\u00fcdahalesiyle ilgili \u201cdarbe\u201d, \u201cdarbeci\u201d ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede son y\u0131llara kadar pek kullan\u0131lmayan \u201cvesayet\u201d gibi kelimelerin d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcne bakmak da olduk\u00e7a \u00f6\u011fretici. AKP\u2019nin \u00f6zellikle 28 \u015eubat ve 27 Nisan\u2019la birlikte asker m\u00fcdahalesinin ma\u011fduru oldu\u011fu do\u011fru olmakla beraber, \u00fclke tarihindeki b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerin atfedildi\u011fi bir arg\u00fcman olarak \u201cdarbecilik\u201d su\u00e7lamas\u0131n\u0131n, sa\u011f muhafazak\u00e2r dilde bu denli yo\u011fun kullan\u0131m\u0131 yenidir. Bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm esas olarak AKP\u2019nin d\u00fcn askerlere kar\u015f\u0131 verdi\u011fi iktidar m\u00fccadelesinden kaynaklan\u0131yor, bug\u00fcn ise \u201cdemokrasi sadece sand\u0131k de\u011fildir\u201d diyen, hatta sand\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki muhalefet y\u00f6ntemlerini kullanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan herkesi hedef al\u0131yor. Son g\u00fcnlerde M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019daki olaylar vesilesiyle ayn\u0131 alg\u0131 y\u00f6netimi mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fledi\u011fini g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Propaganda makinas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan sand\u0131k ve demokrasi kelimeleri kutsan\u0131p g\u00f6klere \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131rken, darbenin k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckleri, M\u0131s\u0131r ordusunun uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 devlet \u015fiddeti g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleriylebirle\u015ftirilerek kitlelere pompalan\u0131yor. \u00dcstelik iktidar bu \u015fekilde, son derece me\u015fru gerek\u00e7elere dayanan Haziran Direni\u015fi\u2019ne kar\u015f\u0131, darbeci yaftas\u0131 yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p psikolojik sava\u015f y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin pe\u015finde.<\/p>\n

En de\u011ferli dostu \u201cger\u00e7ek\u201d olan devrimciler i\u00e7in, iktidar\u0131n dildeki manip\u00fclasyonlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 uyan\u0131k olmak ve bunlar\u0131 if\u015fa etmek ku\u015fkusuz \u00f6nemli. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc propaganda makinas\u0131n\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahribat ve kitleler nezdindeki etkisi san\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha fazla.\u00a0 LTI,<\/em>bu sebeple, totalitarizmin i\u00e7sel mekanizmalar\u0131na dair iyi bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme f\u0131rsat\u0131 sa\u011flamas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, de\u011ferli bir kitap.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Totalitarizmin dilini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek Victor Klemperer, Nazizm d\u00f6neminde Almanya\u2019da s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131p kalm\u0131\u015f bir Yahudi filolog. \u00d6nceleri \u00fcniversitede ders verirken i\u015fi elinden al\u0131n\u0131yor. \u201cAri\u201d bir kad\u0131nla evli oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in fabrikada \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak ve g\u00f6\u011fs\u00fcnde sar\u0131 y\u0131ld\u0131z ta\u015f\u0131mak \u015fart\u0131yla ya\u015famas\u0131na izin veriliyor, tabii bir\u00e7ok k\u0131s\u0131tlama ve yasakla birlikte. \u201cAri\u201dlerle konu\u015fmas\u0131, tramvayda onlarla ayn\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmde oturmas\u0131, kitap okumas\u0131, yazmas\u0131, \u00f6zg\u00fcrce d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmesi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":463,"featured_media":8879,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[152,510,222,511],"tags":[548,547],"class_list":["post-8875","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-115-sayi","category-surekli-bolumler","category-tarih","category-yayin-dunyasi","tag-akp","tag-nazizm"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t