\u00d6zg\u00fcr yaz\u0131l\u0131m (Linux) \u00fczerine haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z sayfalara sunu\u015f olarak yaz\u0131lan bu sat\u0131rlara nas\u0131l ba\u015flayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrken, en genel anlam\u0131yla bilgisayar\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz insan\u0131n hayat\u0131nda tuttu\u011fu yer \u00fczerine bir-iki s\u00f6z s\u00f6ylemenin yerinde olaca\u011f\u0131nda karar k\u0131ld\u0131m. Ama yazmaya oturunca bunun anlams\u0131z oldu\u011funu fark ettim; zira yazmak i\u00e7in bilgisayar\u0131 kullan\u0131yor olmak bile, bilgisayar\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz insan\u0131n hayat\u0131ndaki yerini \u00f6zetlemek i\u00e7in fazlas\u0131yla yeterli. \u0130lle bir benzetme yapmak gerekirse, insanl\u0131k tarihi i\u00e7in bilgisayar teknolojisinin, en az\u0131ndan ikinci bir matbaan\u0131n icad\u0131 olay\u0131 oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/p>\n
Fakat nas\u0131l matbaan\u0131n icad\u0131ndan sonra bas\u0131lan her kitap, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilerleme tarihine katk\u0131 yapmad\u0131ysa; hatta kimileri hurafelerin, bilimd\u0131\u015f\u0131 tezlerin yay\u0131lmas\u0131na, karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n savunulmas\u0131na hizmet ettiyse; ayn\u0131 \u015fey bilgisayar teknolojisi i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erli. \u00dcstelik bilgisayar teknolojisinin, kapitalizmin en barbar d\u00f6nemlerinden birinin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fda geli\u015fti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, durumun daha da vahim oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. Ayn\u0131 benzetmeyle devam edersek, nas\u0131l ki gerici yay\u0131nlar nedeniyle matbaaya kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131ysak, bir dizi handikab\u0131na ra\u011fmen bilgisayar teknolojisindeki ilerlemeye kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmay\u0131 da gericilik olarak tan\u0131mlamaktan \u00e7ekinmeyece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n
Sevgili Genel Yay\u0131n Y\u00f6netmenimiz\u2019in s\u00f6yledi\u011fi gibi, \u201cAnnem ve babam\u0131n ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 radyo \u00e7ocuklar\u0131yd\u0131, ben televizyon \u00e7ocu\u011fuyum, \u015fimdiki ku\u015fak da internet \u00e7ocu\u011fu…\u201d (Kendisi bizden birka\u00e7 on y\u0131l ya\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r!) Yay\u0131n Y\u00f6netmenimiz\u2019in tespiti bir veriyi i\u015faret ediyor; herkes bu veriyi kendisine g\u00f6re kullanmaktad\u0131r. Kimileri insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n esaretini art\u0131rman\u0131n bir arac\u0131 olarak kullanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, kimileri de \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015ftirmenin…<\/p>\n
Bilgisayar alan\u0131ndaki m\u00fccadelelerin \u015fu anda kendisini en fazla hissettirdi\u011fi alan yaz\u0131l\u0131md\u0131r. \u201c\u00d6zg\u00fcr yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u201d kendi i\u00e7indeki tart\u0131\u015fmalara ve savunucu, kullan\u0131c\u0131 profilindeki heterojenli\u011fe ra\u011fmen, kapitalist tekelleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na almakla (hatta kimi alanlarda onlar\u0131 dize getirmi\u015f oldu\u011funu bile s\u00f6yleyebiliriz), bu tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n merkezine oturmay\u0131 fazlas\u0131yla hak etmektedir.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fka bir\u00e7ok s\u0131fat\u0131 yan\u0131nda emekten yana bir bilim dergisi olarak Bilim ve Gelecek<\/em>, s\u0131rf tekellerin iktidar\u0131n\u0131 sarsan bir hareket oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bile \u201c\u00f6zg\u00fcr yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u201d \u00fczerine tart\u0131\u015fmay\u0131, eklemek gerekir ki, \u201ctaraf olarak tart\u0131\u015fmay\u0131\u201d gerekli g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n Tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n birka\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131dan faydal\u0131 oldu\u011funa inan\u0131yoruz; birincisi Microsoft tekeli taraf\u0131ndan \u201cma\u011fdur edilmi\u015f\u201d ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck tekel olmakla \u00f6v\u00fcnen IBM ya da 3., 4. diye s\u0131ralanan \u201ctekellerin\u201d \u00f6zg\u00fcr yaz\u0131l\u0131ma bi\u00e7tikleri misyonla, Bilim ve Gelecek<\/em>\u2019in \u00f6zg\u00fcr yaz\u0131l\u0131ma bak\u0131\u015f\u0131 farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Onlar\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcr yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 tekelleri alt\u0131na al\u0131p, k\u00e2r elde etme u\u011fra\u015f\u0131lar\u0131yla bilginin t\u00fcm insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 savunmak aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izmek gerekir. Biz \u00f6zg\u00fcr yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n, tekellerin \u015femsiyesine s\u0131\u011fmayaca\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n \u00d6zg\u00fcr yaz\u0131l\u0131m, bilginin, kapitalist tekellerin pazarlayaca\u011f\u0131 bir meta olmas\u0131 kab\u0131na s\u0131\u011fmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Daha \u00f6nemlisi, kapitalizmin mevcut bi\u00e7iminin bilginin yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 ve payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131yla dar oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca d\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde az\u0131msanamayacak bir kullan\u0131c\u0131, savunucu potansiyel yaratm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n tekelle\u015fmeye kar\u015f\u0131 tepkisini g\u00f6stermesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n \u00d6zellikle anti-Amerikanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bir soru var;\u00a0 \u201cAmerika\u2019n\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc biz de biliyoruz da, o olmasa nas\u0131l ya\u015far\u0131z?\u201d Bu nihayet Amerikan emperyalizminin ideolojik sava\u015f arg\u00fcman\u0131d\u0131r, ama ikna g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7ok s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyoruz. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00f6zg\u00fcr yaz\u0131l\u0131m, tekellerin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00fcnyada neler yap\u0131labilece\u011fine dair bili\u015fim alan\u0131ndan \u00fcretilen bir yan\u0131t olarak da okunabilir. Bu da ikincisi\u2026<\/p>\n \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc, \u00f6zg\u00fcr yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 kutsam\u0131yoruz. Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7a\u011fda her \u015fey bir yana, ya\u015famak i\u00e7in ekonomik ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 gerekiyor; bu a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00f6zg\u00fcr yaz\u0131l\u0131m, \u00e7ok zaman anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi sadece \u00fccretsiz yaz\u0131l\u0131m de\u011fildir. Bu alanda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan yaz\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar da, hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 idame ettirmek i\u00e7in, gelen talepler do\u011frultusunda programlar geli\u015ftirerek \u201cprofesyonel\u201d \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar y\u00fcr\u00fctmektedir. Bu ticari ili\u015fkilerden birilerinin faydalanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 pek\u00e2l\u00e2 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ancak yaz\u0131l\u0131m tekelleriyle aras\u0131ndaki fark, ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn payla\u015f\u0131ma ve geli\u015ftirilmeye a\u00e7\u0131k olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bizim burada \u00f6nemsedi\u011fimiz \u015fey, piyasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ili\u015fkilerle de, \u00fcstelik e\u011flenerek, payla\u015farak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu ve \u00f6nemli \u00fcr\u00fcnler verilebilece\u011finin g\u00f6sterilmesidir.<\/p>\n Son olarak \u00f6zg\u00fcr yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n geli\u015fmeye a\u00e7\u0131k \u00f6zelli\u011fi ile yayg\u0131nla\u015fmaya devam etti\u011fini ve \u00fclkemizde de yayg\u0131nla\u015fma potansiyeli ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlatmak isteriz. Bunu da fazlas\u0131yla \u00f6nemsiyoruz; \u00f6zellikle gen\u00e7 yaz\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar tekellerin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7ip bu alanla tan\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve bu alan\u0131 zenginle\u015ftirme \u00e7abalar\u0131na kat\u0131l\u0131rsa, \u00f6zg\u00fcr yaz\u0131l\u0131m da geli\u015fecektir. Geli\u015fme, \u00f6zg\u00fcr yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn garantisidir.<\/p>\n \u00d6zg\u00fcr yaz\u0131l\u0131mla ilgili bu k\u0131sa dosyay\u0131 haz\u0131rlarken, konuyla ilgilenen dostlar\u0131m\u0131za ula\u015ft\u0131k, yard\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131k. Konunun hen\u00fcz bilmeyenlerce de anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na ve tart\u0131\u015fmalara ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131na inand\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z iki makaleyle ba\u015fl\u0131yoruz. \u201cYaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n neden sahibi olmamal\u0131d\u0131r?\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan ilk makale, Richard Stallman\u2019a ait.<\/p>\n 1970\u2019li y\u0131llarda yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n, \u201cYayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rmama Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u201d (Non-disclosure agreement) diye adland\u0131r\u0131lan anla\u015fmalarla da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanmas\u0131yla, yaz\u0131l\u0131m alan\u0131 ticarile\u015fme y\u00f6n\u00fcnde ilk ad\u0131mlar\u0131 at\u0131yor. Temelde, \u201c Bir bilgi varsa, bunu ba\u015fkalar\u0131yla payla\u015fmak yurtta\u015fl\u0131k g\u00f6revidir\u201d ve \u201cGeli\u015fkin ve iyi bir toplumda bireyler yard\u0131mla\u015f\u0131rlar\u201d gibi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri savunan Richard Stallman, bu anla\u015fmalar\u0131 onaylamayarak, \u201cToplumu yeniden payla\u015fmac\u0131 ve yard\u0131mla\u015fman\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu bir hale getirmeyi\u201d kendine misyon ediniyor. Ard\u0131ndan bu alandaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla \u00d6zg\u00fcr Yaz\u0131l\u0131m Hareketi\u2019ni ba\u015flatan ki\u015fi oluyor. Stallman\u2019\u0131n yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z makalesi, as\u0131l olarak Amerikal\u0131 yurtta\u015flar\u0131na seslendi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek, oradan \u00f6rneklerle besleyerek yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir makale. Ama \u201cYaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n neden sahibi olmamal\u0131d\u0131r?\u201d sorusunu ele al\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve verdi\u011fi yan\u0131tlar, herkesi ikna edebilecek nitelikte.<\/p>\n Stallman\u2019n\u0131n bu makalesini, Emre Sevin\u00e7 \u00e7evirdi. \u0130stanbul Bilgi \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde yaz\u0131l\u0131m uzman\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Sevin\u00e7, ayn\u0131 \u00fcniversitedeki OpenSource Enterprise Center b\u00fcnyesinde GNU\/Linux Sertifikasyon E\u011fitimi programlar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde e\u011fitmen olarak g\u00f6rev yap\u0131yor. Ayr\u0131ca http:\/\/fazlamesai.net sitesinde de edit\u00f6rl\u00fck ve yazarl\u0131k yap\u0131yor ve http:\/\/ileriseviye.org sitesinde a\u00e7\u0131k sistemlerle ilgili makaleler yay\u0131ml\u0131yor.<\/p>\n \u0130kinci makale, R. Oktay Altunergil\u2019in \u201cBili\u015fim, bilgisayar, yaz\u0131l\u0131m ve \u00f6zg\u00fcr yaz\u0131l\u0131m bilgisayar\u0131n\u0131n bile\u015fenleri\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan, \u00f6zg\u00fcr yaz\u0131l\u0131mla ilgili temel bilgiler veren bir makalesi. Bilkent \u00dcniversitesi \u0130\u015fletme B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc mezunu olan Altunergil, City University of New York-Baruch College\u2019de Bili\u015fim Sistemleri konusunda y\u00fckseklisans program\u0131 bitirmi\u015f. Halen ABD\u2019de ya\u015fayan Altunergil, \u00f6zg\u00fcr yaz\u0131l\u0131m ve Linux i\u015fletim sistemini tan\u0131tmay\u0131 hedefleyen bir\u00e7ok projede g\u00f6rev al\u0131yor. Bunlardan en \u00f6nemlisi 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda kendisi taraf\u0131ndan kurulan ve isteyen herkese bir Linux CD\u2019si g\u00f6ndermeyi hedefleyen Free Linux CD (http:\/\/freelinuxcd.org) projesi. \u00d6te yandan, 2003 senesinde hayata ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi \u00f6zg\u00fcr yaz\u0131l\u0131m sitesi (http:\/\/ozguryazilim.org) ile \u00f6zg\u00fcr yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fan kitleye tan\u0131tmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u00d6zg\u00fcr yaz\u0131l\u0131m (Linux) \u00fczerine haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z sayfalara sunu\u015f olarak yaz\u0131lan bu sat\u0131rlara nas\u0131l ba\u015flayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrken, en genel anlam\u0131yla bilgisayar\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz insan\u0131n hayat\u0131nda tuttu\u011fu yer \u00fczerine bir-iki s\u00f6z s\u00f6ylemenin yerinde olaca\u011f\u0131nda karar k\u0131ld\u0131m. Ama yazmaya oturunca bunun anlams\u0131z oldu\u011funu fark ettim; zira yazmak i\u00e7in bilgisayar\u0131 kullan\u0131yor olmak bile, bilgisayar\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz insan\u0131n hayat\u0131ndaki yerini \u00f6zetlemek i\u00e7in fazlas\u0131yla yeterli. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":52,"featured_media":9106,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[43,453,31],"tags":[255,454,402],"class_list":["post-9104","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-5-sayi","category-bilisim","category-teknoloji","tag-bilgisayar","tag-bilisim","tag-yazilim"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t