{"id":9147,"date":"2009-02-01T22:19:46","date_gmt":"2009-02-01T20:19:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.232.216.219\/~bilimvegelecek\/?p=9147"},"modified":"2017-05-20T22:21:34","modified_gmt":"2017-05-20T19:21:34","slug":"yedigimiz-ictigimiz-endemik-bitkilerimiz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2009\/02\/01\/yedigimiz-ictigimiz-endemik-bitkilerimiz","title":{"rendered":"Yedi\u011fimiz-i\u00e7ti\u011fimiz endemik bitkilerimiz"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Endemik kekiklerle tatland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, endemik so\u011fanlarla yasvanlanm\u0131\u015f \u00e7orban\u0131z\u0131 i\u00e7tiniz, endemik bitkilerden yap\u0131lan sebzeli yemekler ve b\u00f6reklerle karn\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 doyurdunuz, yan\u0131nda yine endemik salatalar\u0131 i\u015ftah a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131 ve vitamin kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak midenize indirdiniz, biraz do\u011fa y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc yaparak ball\u0131babalar\u0131n \u00e7i\u00e7ekleriyle de yeme\u011finize \u00e7e\u015fni katt\u0131n\u0131z, meyve taba\u011f\u0131nda Anadolu\u2019nun has meyveleri al\u0131\u00e7, \u00fcvez ve karayemi\u015flerle de yemek fasl\u0131n\u0131 bitirdiniz; hemen kalk\u0131p gitmeyin, i\u00e7erde su kayn\u0131yor, endemik da\u011f\u00e7ay\u0131 ve ada\u00e7ay\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, \u00fczerine de yine endemik g\u00f6knar yapra\u011f\u0131 at\u0131larak kokuland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bitki \u00e7ay\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7meden sizi bir yere b\u0131rakmay\u0131z\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u00dclkemizin Bat\u0131 Karadeniz y\u00f6resi ve Marmara\u2019n\u0131n kuzeyinde, \u015fubat sonu ve mart ba\u015f\u0131nda havalar biraz \u0131s\u0131n\u0131p g\u00fcne\u015f kendini g\u00f6sterdi\u011finde, nemli ve serin orman zeminlerinde de sonbahardan kalan ve k\u0131\u015f\u0131n nemiyle \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcmeye y\u00fcz tutmu\u015f gazellerin alt\u0131nda tomurcuklanmalar olur. Kendini ilk g\u00f6steren ormanalt\u0131 bitkilerin aras\u0131nda bir tanesi vard\u0131r ki, y\u00f6re insan\u0131 pi\u015firerek yedi\u011fi bu bitkinin \u00e7i\u00e7ek tomurcuklar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini ve gazeller aras\u0131ndan y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6stermesini sab\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131kla bekler. Ormana yolu d\u00fc\u015fen kom\u015fulara ilk sorulan sorulardan biri \u201cGaldirekler \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f m\u0131?\u201dd\u0131r. Do\u011fu Marmara\u2019da \u201cgaldirek\u201d olarak bilinen bu yabani sebze, Bat\u0131 Karadeniz y\u00f6resinde az de\u011fi\u015fiklikle \u201ckaldurak\u201d \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. K\u0131\u015f aylar\u0131n\u0131n bitiminde, besin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeterli olmayan yoksul insanlar\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131na yeti\u015fen kaldurak bitkisinin y\u0131l\u0131n iki mevsiminde iki farkl\u0131 yeme\u011fi yap\u0131l\u0131r: Birincisi mart ba\u015f\u0131nda geli\u015fen \u00e7i\u00e7ek tomurcuklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine yumurta k\u0131r\u0131larak yap\u0131lan, vitamin de\u011ferinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra protein a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da zengin olan k\u0131zartmas\u0131; ikincisi de tomurcuklar\u0131ndan f\u0131\u015fk\u0131ran pembe-eflatun renkli g\u00f6steri\u015fli \u00e7i\u00e7eklerinin olgunla\u015fmas\u0131na paralel olarak may\u0131s-haziran aylar\u0131nda geli\u015fen geni\u015f yapraklar\u0131yla yap\u0131lan lezzetli dolmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bilimsel ismi <em>Trachystemon orientalis<\/em> olan bu yabani sebze T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye endemik say\u0131lmamakla birlikte, d\u00fcnyada sadece T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin kuzeybat\u0131s\u0131 ve Bulgaristan\u2019da yeti\u015fmektedir. Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelerin botanik bah\u00e7elerinde sergilenen bu yabani sebzemizin tan\u0131t\u0131m tabelalar\u0131nda s\u00fcrekli T\u00fcrkiye kaynakl\u0131 oldu\u011fu vurgulanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye endemik olmamakla birlikte, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Do\u011fu Karadeniz y\u00f6resi ve G\u00fcrcistan d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yeti\u015fmeyen, yerel ismi \u201ckarayemi\u015f\u201d (<em>Prunus laurocerasus<\/em>) ve d\u00fcnyada en \u00f6nemli yeti\u015fme alan\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye olan, meyvesi de haziran ay\u0131nda olgunla\u015fan yabani meyvemiz, y\u00f6re halk\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015f tac\u0131 edilir; ad\u0131n\u0131 ve tad\u0131n\u0131 Karadeniz\u2019den alan kara ya\u011f\u0131z bir meyvedir.<\/p>\n<p>Bir de \u00fcvezlerimiz vard\u0131r Anadolu\u2019da; Eyl\u00fcl\u2019den itibaren olgunla\u015fmaya ba\u015flayan \u00fcvez a\u011fac\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ve onun muhte\u015fem meyvesini tan\u0131yan insan say\u0131s\u0131, tan\u0131mayanlardan kat be kat azd\u0131r T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de. <em>Sorbus domestica<\/em> olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan \u00fcvez a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnyadaki esas yeti\u015fme alan\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye topraklar\u0131d\u0131r, Rize ilimizde de endemik bir \u00fcvez t\u00fcr\u00fc olan <em>Sorbus caucasica var. yalt\u0131r\u0131kii<\/em> yeti\u015fir. Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131nda, \u00fcvez a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n meyveleri olgunla\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, a\u011fa\u00e7 \u00e7evresinde bir hareketlilik ve canl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015flar. Balar\u0131lar\u0131yla birlik olan yabanar\u0131lar\u0131 sanki bir dinsel ayin yapmaya ba\u015flarlar ve ho\u015f kokusunu ald\u0131klar\u0131 \u00fcvez meyvelerinin \u00e7evresinde, onun tuhaf kokulu lezzetli meyve nektar\u0131ndan tatmak i\u00e7in pervane olurlar. E\u011fer a\u011fa\u00e7tan siz de meyve topluyorsan\u0131z, ar\u0131lar\u0131n v\u0131z\u0131lt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bedeninizde yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcrperme ile birlikte meyvenin ho\u015f kokusu, kendinizi tabiat ana taraf\u0131ndan organize edilen bir dinsel t\u00f6ren i\u00e7inde hissetmenize yol a\u00e7abilir: \u0130\u015fte T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye \u00f6zg\u00fc do\u011fal meyve ve sebzeler b\u00f6yledir, onlar sadece canl\u0131lar\u0131 beslemekle kalmaz, ayn\u0131 zamanda g\u00f6rsel ve fizyolojik \u00f6zellikleriyle duygu ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc de \u015fekillendirirler.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Yaylalar\u0131m\u0131zdan endemik kekik kokular\u0131 eksilmesin\u2026<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Yukar\u0131da belirtti\u011fimiz, yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkelerde de yeti\u015fmekle birlikte, as\u0131l ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye olan yerel nadir meyve ve sebzelerimizin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, T\u00fcrkiye d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yeti\u015fmeyen, T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7inde de belirli bir b\u00f6lge d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015fayamayan, ancak y\u00f6re halk\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan meyve, sebze, baharat ve i\u00e7ecek olarak kullan\u0131lan lokal endemik ve \u00e7ok nadir bitki t\u00fcrlerimiz bulunmaktad\u0131r: \u201cS\u00fct\u00e7\u00fcler keki\u011fi, yayla keki\u011fi veya toka keki\u011fi\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan, d\u00fcnyada sadece Isparta ve Antalya dolay\u0131nda do\u011fal olarak yeti\u015fen endemik <em>Origanum minutiflorum<\/em>, Isparta\u2019n\u0131n S\u00fct\u00e7\u00fcler kazas\u0131 ve ba\u011fl\u0131 k\u00f6yleri \u00c7and\u0131r, G\u00fcm\u00fc, Kesme, Beydilli, Yedimemetler\u2019de do\u011fadan toplanmakta ve piyasaya sat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu kekik bahse konu k\u00f6ylerin yaylalar\u0131nda bol miktarda yeti\u015fmekte olup y\u00f6re halk\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir ge\u00e7im kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Birka\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6nce, halk\u0131n kekik hasad\u0131nda azalma oldu\u011funu g\u00f6zlemesi \u00fczerine, S\u00fct\u00e7\u00fcler\u2019in be\u015f k\u00f6y\u00fcnde kurulan kooperatifler B\u00f6lge Orman \u0130daresi ile birlikte her y\u0131l kekik hasat zaman\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015f ve b\u00f6ylelikle keki\u011fin tahrip olmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir. Art\u0131k her y\u0131l kekik toplama zaman\u0131 uzmanlarca belirlenmekte ve Eyl\u00fcl ba\u015flar\u0131na rastlayan bir tarihte aileleriyle birlikte yaylalara \u00e7\u0131kan k\u00f6yl\u00fcler, muhtarlarca belirlenen alanlarda 15 g\u00fcn s\u00fcreyle kekik toplamaktad\u0131rlar. Kekik yerden be\u015f santimetre kadar yukar\u0131dan b\u0131\u00e7k\u0131yla kesilmekte ve b\u00f6ylece bitkinin k\u00f6k yap\u0131s\u0131na zarar gelmemektedir. Toplanan kekikler kurutulup, i\u015flenip, \u00e7uvalland\u0131ktan sonra, kooperatife teslim edilmektedir. Bu uygulama devam etti\u011fi s\u00fcrece endemik keki\u011fimizin neslinin t\u00fckenmesi s\u00f6z konusu olmayacakt\u0131r. Bahse konu keki\u011fin ya\u011f verimi oran\u0131 y\u00fcksek olup y\u0131lda 500 ton kadar \u00fcretilmektedir. (1) G\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fi gibi, endemik bir Isparta bitkisi, y\u00f6re insanlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ekonomisine \u00f6nemli katk\u0131 sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Ama as\u0131l \u00f6nemlisi, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir y\u00f6resinde yeti\u015fmeyen lokal endemik bir keki\u011fin \u00fcretilerek piyasaya sunulmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu keki\u011fimizin sat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ambalajlarda endemik bir t\u00fcr oldu\u011fu belirtilmelidir. E\u011fer Isparta\u2019ya, \u00f6zellikle S\u00fct\u00e7\u00fcler il\u00e7esine yolunuz d\u00fc\u015ferse, y\u00f6renin klasik yemeklerinin sunuldu\u011fu lokantalar\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle S\u00fct\u00e7\u00fcler keki\u011fi isteyiniz, garson anlamazsa yayla keki\u011fi deyiniz, yine anlamazsa toka keki\u011fi deyiniz; sofran\u0131za getirilen endemik keki\u011fi tatmadan \u00f6nce e\u015fsiz kokusunu i\u00e7inize \u00e7ekiniz; toka keki\u011fini size sunan insanlar\u0131 bu keki\u011fi s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir \u015fekilde ve soyunu t\u00fcketmeden ekonomiye kazand\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in y\u00fcrekten kutlay\u0131n\u0131z, onlarla \u201ctoka\u201d ediniz.<\/p>\n<p>Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde tehlike alt\u0131nda olmayan ve yaln\u0131zca Mu\u011fla ve Denizli illerine endemik olan, y\u00f6resel ad\u0131 \u201c\u00e7\u00f6kelek keki\u011fi\u201d olan <em>Origanum hypericifolium<\/em> bu y\u00f6relerde toz haline getirilerek peynir ve yemeklerde baharat olarak kullan\u0131lmakta, ayr\u0131ca \u015feker hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tedavisi amac\u0131yla da \u00e7ay\u0131 i\u00e7ilmektedir (2); yani hem besleyici hem de tedavi edici \u00f6zelliklerinden y\u00f6re halk\u0131 yararlanmaktad\u0131r. Ancak her endemik keki\u011fimiz S\u00fct\u00e7\u00fcler keki\u011fi veya \u00e7\u00f6kelek keki\u011fi kadar \u015fansl\u0131 de\u011fildir. Zira, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin en dar yay\u0131l\u0131\u015fl\u0131 lokal endemik bir keki\u011fi olan Kazda\u011f\u0131 keki\u011fi <em>Thymus pulvinatus<\/em>\u2019un, Bal\u0131kesir\u2019in Kazda\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6resindeki yeti\u015fme alan\u0131 topu topu 30 metrekaredir. Temmuz-a\u011fustos aylar\u0131nda 1500 metre y\u00fckseklikte \u00e7i\u00e7eklenen bu nadir keki\u011fimiz k\u00f6yl\u00fcler taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ay yapmak amac\u0131yla \u201ck\u00f6klenerek\u201d hasat edildi\u011fi i\u00e7in bitki yok olma tehlikesi alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. K\u00f6yl\u00fclerimiz bitkinin \u00e7ok lokal endemik bir bitki oldu\u011funu bilmeyebilir; ancak do\u011fal veya k\u00fclt\u00fcre edilmi\u015f olsun, semeresinden yararlan\u0131lan bir bitkinin e\u011fer k\u00f6klerinden yararlan\u0131lm\u0131yorsa, k\u00f6klenerek hasat edilmesinin \u00fclkemizin \u00e7o\u011fu yerinde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan vah\u015fi bir toplama y\u00f6ntemi oldu\u011fu bilinmelidir. Meyve a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n tepesindeki meyveyi toplamak yerine, i\u015fin kolay\u0131na ka\u00e7arak dallar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131p daldaki meyveleri yiyenlere, hatta daha da ileri gidip meyve a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131 k\u00f6k\u00fcnden s\u00f6kerek o y\u0131l\u0131n meyvelerini toplad\u0131ktan sonra a\u011fac\u0131 da \u00f6l\u00fcme terk edenlere \u00f6zellikle k\u0131rsal alanlarda ya\u015fayanlar\u0131m\u0131z \u015fahit olmu\u015ftur. Do\u011fal unsurlar\u0131, ya\u015famas\u0131 gereken canl\u0131 birer varl\u0131k de\u011fil de ya\u011fmalanabilecek bir unsur gibi g\u00f6ren anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n, daha do\u011frusu anlay\u0131\u015fs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve e\u011fitimsizli\u011fin izd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmleridir \u015f\u00fcphesiz bu hoyratl\u0131klar.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Antik D\u00f6nem insanlar\u0131 da bu endemik bitkilerle besleniyordu<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bal\u0131kesir ve \u00c7anakkale dolay\u0131ndaki Kazda\u011f\u0131 k\u00f6yl\u00fcleri ba\u015fka bir endemik t\u00fcr olan Kazda\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6knar\u0131n\u0131n <em>(Abies nordmanniana <\/em>subsp.<em> equi-trojani)<\/em> yapraklar\u0131n\u0131 koku vermesi amac\u0131yla i\u00e7tikleri \u00e7aylar\u0131n i\u00e7ine atarlar ve \u00e7aylar\u0131n\u0131 re\u00e7ine kokulu bir \u015fekilde i\u00e7erler. Hititler d\u00f6neminde soyun devam\u0131yla \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirilen Kazda\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6knar\u0131, her devirde \u201cAnatanr\u0131\u00e7a \u0130da\u201d olarak kutsanan Kazda\u011f\u0131\u2019nda ya\u015famaktad\u0131r bir tek. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla sadece kutsal \u0130da Da\u011f\u0131\u2019nda yeti\u015fen endemik bitki t\u00fcrlerini i\u00e7eceklerinde kullananlar\u0131n bu uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n, mutlaka dinsel bir anlam\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Nas\u0131l ki g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde hacca giden insanlar\u0131m\u0131z gittikleri yerden kutsal oldu\u011funa inand\u0131klar\u0131 yiyecek veya i\u00e7ecekleri getiriyorlarsa, Antik D\u00f6nem\u2019de de Kazda\u011f\u0131 sular\u0131 ve bitkilerinin b\u00f6yle bir fonksiyon g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f olmas\u0131 kuvvetle muhtemeldir.<\/p>\n<p>Tehlike alt\u0131nda olmayan ve \u00e7ok yayg\u0131n olarak yeti\u015fen endemik bitkilerimiz de yemeklere \u00e7e\u015fni olarak kat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bilimsel ad\u0131n\u0131 Ankara\u2019dan alan ve Hititler \u00c7a\u011f\u0131\u2019nda da kendisi i\u00e7in 30 g\u00fcn s\u00fcren bayram yap\u0131lan endemik Ankara \u00e7i\u011fdeminin (<em>Crocus ancyrensis<\/em>) \u015fubat ve mart aylar\u0131nda geli\u015fen yumrular\u0131 pilav\u0131n i\u00e7ine kat\u0131larak \u201c\u00e7i\u011fdem pilav\u0131\u201d denen bir yemek yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. (3). Yine Adana ve Gaziantep y\u00f6relerinde yeti\u015fen bir ba\u015fka endemik \u00e7i\u011fdem olan <em>Crocus cancellatus<\/em>\u2019un yumrular\u0131, bahar aylar\u0131nda toplanarak yenir veya pi\u015firilen pilav\u0131n i\u00e7erisine kat\u0131l\u0131r. (4, 5) Bahar\u0131n ilk aylar\u0131nda Anadolu\u2019nun \u00e7i\u011fdem zengini k\u00f6ylerinde sizi yeme\u011fe davet ederler ve yemekte pilav oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylerlerse, hemen kabul edin; zira Anadolu\u2019ya has endemik tatlar sizleri bekliyordur toprak anan\u0131n kutsal sofras\u0131nda.<\/p>\n<p>Antik D\u00f6nem Anadolu insan\u0131 da bu topraklar\u0131n bitkileriyle besleniyordu. Ama merak etti\u011fimiz konu, acaba Antik D\u00f6nem\u2019de yenen Anadolu bitkilerinden endemik olanlar var m\u0131yd\u0131? Evet, Antik D\u00f6nem Anadolu insan\u0131 da Anadolu\u2019nun endemik bitkilerini t\u00fcketiyordu: Akdeniz ve Ege B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nde yeti\u015fen <em>Arum dioscoridis<\/em> adl\u0131 y\u0131lanyast\u0131\u011f\u0131 bitkisinin yapraklar\u0131 ve k\u00f6kleri Antik D\u00f6nem\u2019de sirkeye bat\u0131r\u0131larak yenirdi. Bu bitki t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn bir endemik varyetesi olan ve \u201ca\u011f\u0131otu\u201d veya \u201cy\u0131lanbur\u00e7a\u011f\u0131\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan, Mu\u011fla, Antalya ve Burdur illerinde yeti\u015fen <em>Arum dioscoridis var. spectabile<\/em>\u2019nin yapraklar\u0131 zehirli olmakla birlikte, yapraklar ha\u015fland\u0131ktan sonra yeme\u011fi yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. (6) Ama dikkat edin, a\u011f\u0131otu bitkisini yeterince veya hi\u00e7 ha\u015flamadan yiyen insanlarda, zehirlenmeler g\u00f6r\u00fclebilmektedir. Peki nas\u0131l yemek yap\u0131l\u0131r bu a\u011f\u0131otu\u2019ndan; \u00f6nce yapraklar\u0131 ha\u015flan\u0131r, ha\u015flanm\u0131\u015f yapraklar\u0131 pirin\u00e7 ve bulgur ile kaynat\u0131larak, \u0131spanak gibi yeme\u011fi yap\u0131l\u0131r. Asl\u0131nda daha \u00e7ok t\u0131bbi olarak kullan\u0131lan bu endemik t\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn yiyecek olarak da kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n mutlaka t\u0131bbi nedenleri olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Endemik bir zehirli bitkiyi yiyebilmek i\u00e7in mangal gibi y\u00fcre\u011fe sahip olman\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, o y\u00fcre\u011fin biraz da endemik olmas\u0131 gerekir. E\u011fer g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Akdeniz veya Ege b\u00f6lgesinin \u00fccra bir k\u00f6\u015fesinde bir topluluk y\u0131lanyast\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 veya a\u011f\u0131otlar\u0131n\u0131 yiyecek olarak kullan\u0131yor ve sizleri de yeme\u011fe buyur ediyorsa, \u00f6ncelikle bu yemek yap\u0131l\u0131rken bitkinin i\u015flemden ge\u00e7irilip ge\u00e7irilmedi\u011fini mutlaka sorun, g\u00fcvenilir olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sorgulay\u0131n; aksi halde midenizi bozman\u0131z veya zehirlenmeniz olas\u0131l\u0131k dahilindedir. Ancak size \u00f6nerimiz, endemik y\u0131lanyast\u0131\u011f\u0131 bitkileriyle beslenen bu y\u00f6re insanlar\u0131 ile antik heykellerin y\u00fcz hatlar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n; k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras ile biyolojik miras\u0131n beraberce g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, mermere tutunarak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar gelen k\u00fclt\u00fcrel s\u00fcrekli\u011fin mermer d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ayakta kalabilmesinin ikinci nedeninin bitkisel s\u00fcreklilik oldu\u011funu fark edecek, Antik D\u00f6nem bitki isimlerinin Toros Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019nda h\u00e2l\u00e2 ya\u015fat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da bu k\u00fclt\u00fcrel s\u00fcreklilik \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde g\u00f6rebileceksiniz; Latincesi <em>Platanus<\/em> olan \u00e7\u0131nar a\u011fac\u0131na Toros k\u00f6yl\u00fclerinin h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u201cB\u0131ladan\u201d demeleri gibi\u2026<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Rak\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na, bir de anasonlu salata ve tur\u015fu olsa\u2026<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0130\u00e7 Anadolu b\u00f6lgesinde yayg\u0131n olarak yeti\u015fen endemik bir anason bitkimiz olan <em>Pimpinella anisetum\u2019<\/em>un y\u00f6resel ismi \u201cezeltere\u201d olup, bu anasonun yapraklar\u0131 salatalara, meyveleri ise tur\u015fulara kat\u0131l\u0131r. (7) Bu y\u00fczden rak\u0131m\u0131za ho\u015f kokusunu veren anason bitkimiz, ayr\u0131ca tur\u015fu ve salatalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 da kokuland\u0131rmaktad\u0131r; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc anasonun kokusu Anadolu\u2019nun has kokusudur. Bu endemik bitkinin do\u011fal olarak yeti\u015fti\u011fi Kayseri, K\u00fctahya, Amasya, Erzincan ve Erzurum\u2019daki ak\u015famc\u0131 dostlar\u0131ndan rak\u0131 erbab\u0131na \u00f6nerimizdir; endemik ezeltereli salata ve tur\u015fu ile donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f rak\u0131 masas\u0131 ho\u015f kokuludur, bizdendir.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Otlu peynirin endemik otlar\u0131\u2026<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Akdeniz ve Orta Anadolu d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, Do\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nde de Anadolu\u2019ya \u00f6zg\u00fc nadir bitkiler yiyeceklerde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin bilimsel ismini Elaz\u0131\u011f ilinin Harput il\u00e7esinden alan bir yabani so\u011fan olan <em>Allium <strong>harputense<\/strong><\/em>\u2019nin (Harput yabani so\u011fan\u0131) yapraklar\u0131 Mu\u015f, Batman ve Van y\u00f6relerinde otlu peynire kat\u0131l\u0131r ve yemek yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. (8) Evet i\u015fte g\u00f6rd\u00fcn\u00fcz, d\u00fcnyaca \u00fcnl\u00fc Van otlu peynirine \u00f6zellik katan nadir bitkilerden birinin ismi Harput yabani so\u011fan\u0131d\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu peyniri yerken ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z tad\u0131 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir peynirinde bulamazs\u0131n\u0131z, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc peynire \u00f6zelli\u011fini veren tat ve kokunun kayna\u011f\u0131 bu topraklar\u0131n ba\u011fr\u0131nda yeti\u015fen nadir bitkilerdir. Harput yabani so\u011fan\u0131 ismini Harput\u2019tan almas\u0131na ra\u011fmen endemik saymamaktad\u0131r botanik\u00e7ilerimiz onu. Ama bu Van otlu peynirinin endemiksiz oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermez. Neden mi; Van otlu peynirine 70 \u00e7e\u015fit bitki kat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcrlerin 9 ayr\u0131 familyaya ait bitkiler oldu\u011fu belirlenmi\u015ftir. Bu bitkilerin en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lanlar\u0131 19 t\u00fcr ile maydanozgiller, 15 t\u00fcr ile zambakgiller ve 12 t\u00fcr ile nanegillerdir. Peynire kat\u0131lan bitkilerin peynire ho\u015f bir tat ve \u00e7ekici bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm kazand\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, antiseptik \u00f6zellikleri ve g\u0131da \u00f6\u011feleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan peyniri zenginle\u015ftirici etkileri bulunmaktad\u0131r. (9) Van otlu peynirine kat\u0131lan bitkilerden 4 t\u00fcr ise T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye endemik t\u00fcrlerdir. Y\u00f6resel ad\u0131 \u201c\u00e7\u00fcnk\u201d veya \u201c\u015felepuk\u201d olan, Van ve Bitlis y\u00f6resi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda do\u011fal olarak yeti\u015fmeyen \u201ctehlike\u201d alt\u0131ndaki <em>Ranunculus poluninii<\/em> bu peynire kat\u0131lan lokal endemik bir bitkimizdir. Bu nadir bitkimizin \u00e7i\u00e7ekleri g\u00f6steri\u015fli ve alt\u0131n sar\u0131s\u0131 renkte olup, ta\u00e7 yapraklar\u0131n taban\u0131 bal \u00f6z\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131r. E\u011fer s\u00fcpermarketlerde art\u0131k ambalajl\u0131 t\u00fcrleri de sat\u0131lan Van otlu peynirinin \u201c\u0130\u00e7indekiler\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde, bu bitkinin bilimsel ad\u0131 veya y\u00f6resel ismi yaz\u0131yorsa, bu peyniri sat\u0131n almay\u0131n! Ama daha da \u00f6nemlisi Van y\u00f6resinde otlu peynir imal eden insanlar\u0131m\u0131za peynir yap\u0131m\u0131nda \u201c\u00e7\u00fcnk\u201d veya \u201c\u015felepuk\u201d kullanmamalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretin. \u00d6zellikle Bitlis\u2019in Kotum (K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcksu) y\u00f6resindeki Karz Da\u011f\u0131 dolay\u0131nda yap\u0131lan otlu peynirlerde her zaman peynirin hangi bitkiyle \u00fcretildi\u011fini sorgulay\u0131n. Bu lokal t\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcz gibi tehlikede olmayan endemik bitki t\u00fcrleri de otlu peynire tat katmaktad\u0131r. Van y\u00f6resinde \u201csov\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan ve Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019da yayg\u0131n olarak yeti\u015fen endemik <em>Heracleum crenatifolium<\/em> da Van otlu peynirine kat\u0131l\u0131r. Van ilindeki Pirre\u015fit Da\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 3000 metrelerinde yeti\u015febilen bu endemik t\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcz y\u00f6re insan\u0131n\u0131n kahvalt\u0131 sofralar\u0131na y\u00fcce da\u011flar\u0131n e\u015fi bulunmaz koku ve tatlar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Van otlu peynirine kat\u0131lan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc endemik bitki bilimsel nitelemesini kom\u015fu Bitlis ilinden al\u0131r: <em>Gypsophila <strong>bitlisensis<\/strong><\/em> (Bitlis \u00e7\u00f6veni) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan bu endemik bitkimiz her ne kadar tehlike alt\u0131nda olmasa da, ya\u015fam alan\u0131 Kars, Bitlis ve Van illeri ile s\u0131n\u0131rlanan b\u00f6lgesel bir endemik t\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fczd\u00fcr. Otlu peynire kat\u0131lan 4. endemik bitki haziran-temmuz-a\u011fustos aylar\u0131nda y\u00f6rede pembemsi leylak rengi \u00e7i\u00e7ekler a\u00e7an <em>Thymus pubescens<\/em> adl\u0131 bir kekik t\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fczd\u00fcr. Anadolu k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde her \u015feyin bir kural\u0131, adab\u0131 vard\u0131r. Van otlu peynirini yemenin de adab\u0131, bu peynirin i\u00e7ine kat\u0131lan nadir ve tehlikedeki endemik t\u00fcrlerin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 peynirleri yememek, \u00fcrettirmemektir.<\/p>\n<p>Yine bir ba\u015fka endemik yabani so\u011fan olan ve Tunceli y\u00f6resi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yeti\u015fmeyen, y\u00f6resel ad\u0131 Munzur Da\u011f\u0131 sar\u0131msa\u011f\u0131 olan <em>Allium <strong>tuncelianum<\/strong><\/em> (Tunceli yabani so\u011fan\u0131) Ovac\u0131k il\u00e7esinde g\u0131da yap\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in toplanmaktad\u0131r. Ancak y\u00f6rede i\u015fsizli\u011fin artmas\u0131na paralel olarak do\u011fadan a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u015fekilde yap\u0131lan toplama, 100-150 cm\u2019e kadar boy atabilen bu g\u00f6steri\u015fli so\u011fan\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 tehlikeye sokmu\u015ftur. G\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fi \u00fczere Anadolu, topra\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinde yeti\u015fen nadir bitkileriyle insanlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 beslemektedir. Besin olarak kullan\u0131lan bitkilerin endemik, yani nadir ve y\u00f6resel olmalar\u0131 ise, o y\u00f6re mutfa\u011f\u0131na ayr\u0131cal\u0131k katmakta, bir bak\u0131ma do\u011fa ana nadir bitkileriyle \u00fczerinde ya\u015fayan insanlara endemik besinler sunarak o insanlar\u0131n ya\u015fam k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da bu topraklardan \u00e7\u0131karmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u0130ster kavur ye, ister salatas\u0131n\u0131 yap\u2026<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ege illerimizden \u0130zmir, Denizli ve Mu\u011fla\u2019da bu illere endemik bir \u201ckaya marulu\u201d bitkisi yeti\u015fir, bilimsel ad\u0131 <em>Limonium effusum<\/em>\u2019dur. Yerel ad\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 gibi bu bitkiden yemek yap\u0131l\u0131r. (6) Denizli ilinin \u00e7ok bilinen antik kenti Hierapolis\u2019de ve Pamukkale travertenleri dolay\u0131nda da yeti\u015fen bu nadir bitkimiz yaz aylar\u0131nda mor \u00e7i\u00e7ekler a\u00e7ar. Egeli endemik kaya marulundan nas\u0131l m\u0131 yemek yap\u0131l\u0131r? \u0130\u015fte size endemik bir yemek tarifi: Kaya marulunun taze yapraklar\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131l\u0131r, so\u011fan ve domates kat\u0131larak ya\u011fda kavrulur, ayr\u0131ca taze yapraklar b\u00f6rek i\u00e7i olarak da kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bitkinin yapraklar\u0131ndan salata da yap\u0131l\u0131r. Sonra m\u0131, sonra da afiyetle yenilir. Kaya marulunun mor \u00e7i\u00e7ekleri g\u00f6steri\u015fli oldu\u011fundan y\u00f6rede vazolara konularak estetik ama\u00e7l\u0131 da yararlan\u0131l\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca bitki demetler halinde ba\u011flanarak yol ve bah\u00e7e s\u00fcp\u00fcrgesi olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u015eimdi, her i\u015fe yarayan endemik kaya marulu bitkisinin ni\u00e7in Hierapolis antik kentinde ya\u015fayabildi\u011fi daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00c7orak ve tuzcul topraklar\u0131 sevdi\u011finden kanaatk\u00e2r olmas\u0131, insanlar\u0131 beslemesi, Antik\u00e7a\u011f\u2019da kutsal ve Tanr\u0131sal bir renk olarak alg\u0131lanan mor renkli \u00e7i\u00e7ekleriyle bembeyaz Pamukkale\u2019yi s\u00fcslemesi gibi \u00f6zellikleri, Antik\u00e7a\u011f Hierapolis insan\u0131nca bu bitkinin Tanr\u0131sal bir hediye olarak alg\u0131lanmas\u0131na ve antik kentte korunarak yeti\u015ftirilmesine neden olmu\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bodrum Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019nda yeti\u015fen ve y\u00f6rede \u201ckald\u0131rak dikeni, devetaban\u0131, devediken, kazaya\u011f\u0131\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan endemik <em>Eryngium campestre var. virens <\/em>adl\u0131 bitkiden Bodrum k\u00f6yl\u00fcleri yemek ve salata yaparlar: Bitkinin k\u00f6k\u00fc ha\u015flan\u0131p limon suyu kat\u0131larak salata yap\u0131labildi\u011fi gibi, k\u00f6rpe yapraklar\u0131 so\u011fan ve biberle kavrularak yeme\u011fi de yap\u0131l\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca k\u00f6rpe s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerinden de yemek yap\u0131l\u0131r.(6)<\/p>\n<p>Orta Anadolu\u2019da may\u0131s ay\u0131ndan itibaren ball\u0131babaya benzer, ancak ondan daha g\u00f6steri\u015fli bir \u00e7i\u00e7ekli bitki, bozk\u0131r\u0131 pembemsi k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renklere b\u00fcr\u00fcr. Hatta Ankara il\u00e7esinin G\u00f6lba\u015f\u0131 il\u00e7esinde bu endemik bitkinin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu \u00e7i\u00e7ek kolonileri y\u00fczlerce metre uzunlukta topluluklar olu\u015fturarak balar\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 kendilerine \u00e7ekerler. Aksaray ilinde \u201csormukotu\u201d, Ankara dolay\u0131nda ise \u201cball\u0131baba\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan <em>Wiedemannia orientalis<\/em> adl\u0131 Anadolu\u2019n\u0131n k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7i\u00e7ekli bitkisinin bu g\u00fczel \u00e7i\u00e7ekleri Ankara ilinin G\u00f6lba\u015f\u0131 il\u00e7esi halk\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yenir. (10) Endemik Ankara \u00e7i\u011fdeminin sar\u0131 \u00e7i\u00e7eklerini mart ay\u0131nda yiyen Ankara insan\u0131, besbelli may\u0131s ay\u0131nda da ball\u0131baban\u0131n endemik k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131s\u0131yla a\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 giderir. \u0130\u015fte bu nedenlerle Ankara insan\u0131n\u0131n may\u0131s ay\u0131nda damarlar\u0131nda dola\u015fan k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 kan\u0131n endemik oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenir.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>S\u0131ra meyve taba\u011f\u0131nda\u2026<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Endemik sofra m\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn meyve taba\u011f\u0131nda size \u00f6nerece\u011fimiz vitamin kaynaklar\u0131 al\u0131\u00e7lardan olu\u015facakt\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye \u00e7ap\u0131nda yayg\u0131n olarak yeti\u015fen <em>Crataegus aronia var. aronia<\/em> (sar\u0131 al\u0131\u00e7) ile <em>Crataegus bornmuelleri<\/em> adl\u0131 al\u0131\u00e7lar \u00fclkemiz genelinde yayg\u0131n yeti\u015fen, tehlike alt\u0131nda olmayan, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla dokunman\u0131zda, meyvelerini yemenizde kesinlikle bir sak\u0131nca bulunmayan endemik al\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131m\u0131zd\u0131r. Bu al\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131n meyveleri Anadolu insan\u0131nca meyve olarak t\u00fcketilmektedir. (11) Hititler\u2019in al\u0131\u00e7 a\u011fac\u0131 alt\u0131nda dua ettikleri, bir k\u0131tl\u0131k oldu\u011funda al\u0131\u00e7 a\u011fac\u0131ndan k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve felaketin ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in istekte bulunduklar\u0131 bilinmektedir. Hitit insan\u0131 bu duas\u0131n\u0131 yaparken al\u0131\u00e7 a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 da temizleyerek ona g\u00f6z\u00fc gibi bakm\u0131\u015f ve bu a\u011fac\u0131n oldu\u011fu vadileri ibadet alan\u0131 olarak kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (12) \u00dclkemiz k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc bu kadar etkileyen, hatta en az 4 bin y\u0131ll\u0131k yemek k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ge\u00e7mi\u015fi olan al\u0131\u00e7 meyvelerimiz \u00fclkemiz meyve sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde yeterince de\u011ferlendirilmemektedir. Sadece sonbahar g\u00fcnlerinde ipe ge\u00e7irilip g\u00f6rsel cazibesi art\u0131r\u0131larak \u00e7ok yerel ve ilkel olanaklarla kent pazarlar\u0131na inen al\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n daha organize ve modern i\u015fletme y\u00f6ntemleri kullan\u0131larak, manav veya market tezg\u00e2hlar\u0131na getirilmesi ne kadar da g\u00fczel olurdu. Hatta bu meyvelerimiz \u00f6ylesine bilin\u00e7li bir \u015fekilde \u00fcretilip pazarlanabilir ki; al\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n do\u011fada katk\u0131s\u0131z, kendili\u011finden s\u0131f\u0131r maliyetle yeti\u015ferek \u201corganik\u201d nitelikte olmalar\u0131, bu \u00f6zelliklerine \u201cendemik\u201d niteliklerin eklenmesi, ayr\u0131ca sinirleri yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ve ho\u015f kokulu olmalar\u0131, al\u0131\u00e7 meyvelerimizin hayat\u0131m\u0131zda daha \u00e7ok yer almas\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131 onlara vermiyor mu?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u00c7ay\u0131m\u0131z da, yemek duam\u0131z da endemik\u2026<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Endemik kekiklerle tatland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, endemik so\u011fanlarla yasvanlanm\u0131\u015f \u00e7orban\u0131z\u0131 i\u00e7tiniz, endemik bitkilerden yap\u0131lan sebzeli yemekler ve b\u00f6reklerle karn\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 doyurdunuz, yan\u0131nda yine endemik salatalar\u0131 i\u015ftah a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131 ve vitamin kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak midenize indirdiniz, belki biraz do\u011fa y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f yaparak ball\u0131babalar\u0131n \u00e7i\u00e7ekleriyle de yeme\u011finize \u00e7e\u015fni katt\u0131n\u0131z, meyve taba\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda Anadolu\u2019nun has meyveleri al\u0131\u00e7, \u00fcvez ve karayemi\u015flerle de yemek fasl\u0131n\u0131 bitirdiniz; hemen kalk\u0131p gitmeyin, i\u00e7erde su kayn\u0131yor, endemik da\u011f\u00e7ay\u0131 ve ada\u00e7ay\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, \u00fczerine de yine endemik k\u00f6knar yapra\u011f\u0131 at\u0131larak kokuland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bitki \u00e7ay\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7meden sizi bir yere b\u0131rakmay\u0131z: Mersin y\u00f6resinde \u201cada\u00e7ay\u0131\u201d, Karaman dolay\u0131nda \u201cda\u011f\u00e7ay\u0131\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan ve Mersin, Karaman ve Antalya illerine endemik olan <em>Sideritis congesta<\/em> adl\u0131 bitkinin \u00e7i\u00e7eklerini kuruttuk, kurutulan bu \u00e7i\u00e7ekleri suda ha\u015flayarak \u00e7ay yapt\u0131k sizlere. (13) \u00c7ay\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 be\u011fendi\u011finizi ve bu \u00e7ay\u0131 bir daha nerede bulup i\u00e7ece\u011finizi merak etti\u011finizi tahmin ediyor,<strong> \u201c<\/strong>Bu endemik bitkiyi nerede bulaca\u011f\u0131m da \u00e7ay\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7ece\u011fim?\u201d dedi\u011finizi duyar gibi oluyorum. Tehlike alt\u0131nda olsayd\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildi, ancak tehlikede olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan size yeti\u015fme yerleri konusunda ipucu verelim: Bu endemik \u00e7ay\u0131m\u0131z Anamur yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda ve Akseki ile Manavgat aras\u0131nda yeti\u015fmektedir. Ama yine de size \u00f6nerimiz, bu bitkiyi \u00e7ay yapmak i\u00e7in toplamay\u0131n, Anadolu insan\u0131n\u0131 hayata ba\u011flayan bir t\u00fcr olarak bilin, sadece koklay\u0131n veya foto\u011fraflay\u0131n; endemik olman\u0131n da o kadar ayr\u0131cal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olsun.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7aydan sonra isterseniz size bir yemek duas\u0131 \u00f6nerelim, o da endemik: <em>\u201c<\/em>Tanr\u0131m, beni Kazda\u011f\u0131 keki\u011fi ve \u015felepuk gibi gariban bitkilerden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yiyecek ve i\u00e7eceklerden uzak tut ve bu bitkilere zarar vermeme izin verme, sen onlar\u0131 koru; korumaya muhta\u00e7 ve tehlikedeki bu bitkilerini yersem e\u011fer, ha\u015flanmam\u0131\u015f endemik y\u0131lanbur\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 yapra\u011f\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yemek adam\u0131 nas\u0131l \u00e7arparsa \u00f6yle \u00e7arp\u0131lay\u0131m ben de; tehlike alt\u0131ndaki bitkilerine bilmeden de olsa zarar verirsem salatas\u0131n\u0131 ve yeme\u011fini yedi\u011fim endemik Kaldurak dikeninin dikenlerine geleyim. Amin.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Endemik bitkiler manavlara, aktarlara, men\u00fclere, g\u0131da ambalajlar\u0131na girse\u2026<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00dclkemiz d\u00fcnya mutfa\u011f\u0131nda her zaman ilk \u00fc\u00e7 \u00fclke aras\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilmektedir. Bitki zenginliklerimizin bunda katk\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011fu bilinmekle birlikte, d\u00fcnyada sadece T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye \u00f6zg\u00fc endemik bitkilerin, hatta \u00e7ok lokal t\u00fcrlerin dahi y\u00f6resel yemek yap\u0131mlar\u0131nda hem yemek hem de baharat ve tatland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. \u00dclkemizin yenen endemik bitkilerinin tamam\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan etnobotanik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n tamamlanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, halen k\u0131smi ve b\u00f6lgesel bilgilere sahip oldu\u011fumuz d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, bu yaz\u0131 kapsam\u0131na girebilecek potansiyelde yeni endemik t\u00fcrlerimizin gelecekte tespit edilece\u011fi beklenmelidir. Nadir bitkilerden haz\u0131rlanan yiyecek ve i\u00e7eceklerin de nadir ve e\u015fsiz tatlara sahip olacaklar\u0131 muhakkakt\u0131r. \u015eimdi hayalimiz \u015fu, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerimizdeki, organik \u00fcr\u00fcnler satan yerlerle manav, aktar veya benzerlerinde, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin sadece endemik t\u00fcrlerinden olu\u015fan yiyecek reyonu ne kadar da ilgin\u00e7 olurdu. Hatta yemeklerinde yer verdi\u011fi endemik tatlar\u0131 men\u00fcs\u00fcnde bu \u00f6zellikleriyle tan\u0131tan lokanta daha bir ilgi \u00e7ekerdi, ancak bu i\u015fletmelerde tehlike alt\u0131nda t\u00fcrler kullan\u0131lmamak kayd\u0131yla. Piyasaya sunulan yiyecek, i\u00e7ecek ve baharat malzemelerinin endemik t\u00fcrlerinden olanlar\u0131n bilimsel isimlerinin ambalajlar\u0131na yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 da bitkinin tehlike alt\u0131nda bir t\u00fcr olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin marketlerde sat\u0131lan Van otlu peyniri ambalajlar\u0131nda, kullan\u0131lan bitkinin ismi \u201csirmo otu\u201d gibi y\u00f6resel adlarla yaz\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u201cSirmo\u201d ad\u0131, yabani so\u011fan (<em>Allium)<\/em> t\u00fcrlerine Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019da verilen genel bir isimdir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu ad bitkinin cins ad\u0131 olabilmekte, ancak tehlike alt\u0131ndaki bir bitkinin kullan\u0131l\u0131p kullan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131mamaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla do\u011fadan toplanarak yiyeceklerde kullan\u0131lan bitkilerimizin tehlikedeki t\u00fcrler olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamak, gerekirse bilin\u00e7li t\u00fcketici davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyarak bunlar\u0131 t\u00fcketmeme hakk\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 kullanabilmek i\u00e7in i\u00e7eri\u011findeki bitkinin tam bilimsel ad\u0131n\u0131n mutlaka yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu zamana kadar sat\u0131lan hi\u00e7bir \u00fcr\u00fcnde kullan\u0131lan bitkinin \u201cendemik\u201d oldu\u011funu belirten bir ibareye taraf\u0131m\u0131zdan rastlanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak bu konuda bir ilke imza atmak isteyen \u00fcretici, da\u011f\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 veya sat\u0131c\u0131ya s\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fczd\u00fcr; tehlike alt\u0131nda olmayan endemik bir \u00fcr\u00fcnse satt\u0131\u011f\u0131n, sayesinde ekmek yedi\u011fin bu yerli bitkimizi bu \u00f6zelli\u011fi ile tan\u0131t\u0131yorsan ve koruyorsan, a\u015fk olsun sana hem\u015ferim, a\u015fk olsun!..<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>D\u0130PNOTLAR VE KAYNAKLAR<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1) H\u00fcsn\u00fc Can Ba\u015fer; \u201cHer Derde Deva Bir Bitki: Kekik\u201d, T\u00dcB\u0130TAK Bilim ve Teknik Dergisi, May\u0131s 2001.<\/p>\n<p>2) \u015eenay S\u00f6nmez, Bal\u0131kesir \u00dcniversitesi, y\u00fckseklisans tezi.<\/p>\n<p>3) F\u00fcsun Ertu\u011f, \u201cBahar\u0131n M\u00fcjdecisi \u00c7i\u011fdem (Crocus) ya da ANTAHSUM.SAR, Hititler Devri Anadolu Floras\u0131na K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Bir Katk\u0131\u201d, T\u00dcBA-AR Dergisi, Say\u0131: 3, 2000.<\/p>\n<p>4) Mustafa Keskin, Kerim Alp\u0131nar; \u201cK\u0131\u015flak (Yaylada\u011f\u0131-Hatay) Hakk\u0131nda Etnobotanik Bir Ara\u015ft\u0131rma\u201d, Ot Dergisi, Say\u0131: 2002\/2.<\/p>\n<p>5) Ergun \u00d6zuslu, \u201cSof Da\u011f\u0131 (Gaziantep) Y\u00f6resindeki Baz\u0131 Bitkilerin Etnobotanik \u00d6zellikleri ve Mahalli Adlar\u0131\u201d, K\u0131rsal \u00c7evre Y\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131, KIR\u00c7EV Yay\u0131n\u0131, Ankara, 2005.<\/p>\n<p>6) Ertan Tuzlac\u0131, \u201cBodrumda Bitkiler ve Ya\u015fam\u201d, \u0130stanbul, 2005.<\/p>\n<p>7) H\u00fcsn\u00fc Can Ba\u015fer, \u201cAnason\u201d, Ba\u011fbah\u00e7e Dergisi, Mart-Nisan 2007 say\u0131s\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>8) B\u00fclent Demirbudak, Cumhuriyet Gezi Dergisi, 19 Eyl\u00fcl 2007 say\u0131s\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>9) Avni \u00d6zt\u00fcrk, Suzan \u00d6zt\u00fcrk, \u015eerif Kartal; \u201cVan Otlu Peyniri\u2019ne Kat\u0131lan Bitkilerin \u00d6zellikleri ve Kullan\u0131\u015flar\u0131\u201d, Ot Sistematik Botanik Dergisi, Say\u0131 2, 2000.<\/p>\n<p>10) I. \u015eim\u015fek, F. Tekin, E. Ye\u015filada, \u015e. Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131ml\u0131; \u201cAnkara G\u00f6lba\u015f\u0131nda Yabani Bitkilerin Kullan\u0131l\u0131\u015f Ama\u00e7lar\u0131 ve \u015eekilleri \u00dczerinde Bir Ara\u015ft\u0131rma\u201d, Ot Dergisi, Say\u0131 2, 2001.<\/p>\n<p>11) Ali Duran, Fatih Sat\u0131l, G\u00fclendam T\u00fcmen<strong>; <\/strong>\u201cBal\u0131kesir Y\u00f6resinde Yenen Yabani Meyveler ve Etnobotanik \u00d6zellikleri\u201d, Ot Sistematik Botanik Dergisi, 2001\/1.<\/p>\n<p>12) G\u00fcng\u00f6r Karau\u011fuz, <em>Hitit Mitolojisi<\/em>, \u00c7izgi Kitabevi, Konya, 2001.<\/p>\n<p>13) G\u00f6khan Abay, Ayhan K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7; \u201cP\u00fcrenbeleni ve Yan\u0131ktepe (Mersin) Y\u00f6relerindeki Baz\u0131 Bitkilerin Y\u00f6resel Adlar\u0131 ve Etnobotanik \u00d6zellikleri\u201d, Ot Dergisi, Say\u0131 2, 2001.<\/p>\n<p>14) Ertan Tuzlac\u0131; <em>T\u00fcrkiye Bitkileri S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/em>, Alfa Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2006.<\/p>\n<p>15) Tuna Ekim, Mehmet Koyuncu, Hayri Duman, Zeki Ayta\u00e7, Nezaket Ad\u0131g\u00fczel; <em>T\u00fcrkiye Bitkileri K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 Kitab\u0131 (E\u011frelti ve Tohumlu Bitkiler)<\/em>, T\u00fcrkiye Tabiat\u0131n\u0131 Koruma Derne\u011fi, Van 100. Y\u0131l \u00dcniversitesi, Ankara, 2000.<\/p>\n<p>16) P. H. Davis, <em>Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands<\/em>, Edinburg at the University Press, 1969.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Endemik kekiklerle tatland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, endemik so\u011fanlarla yasvanlanm\u0131\u015f \u00e7orban\u0131z\u0131 i\u00e7tiniz, endemik bitkilerden yap\u0131lan sebzeli yemekler ve b\u00f6reklerle karn\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 doyurdunuz, yan\u0131nda yine endemik salatalar\u0131 i\u015ftah a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131 ve vitamin kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak midenize indirdiniz, biraz do\u011fa y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc yaparak ball\u0131babalar\u0131n \u00e7i\u00e7ekleriyle de yeme\u011finize \u00e7e\u015fni katt\u0131n\u0131z, meyve taba\u011f\u0131nda Anadolu\u2019nun has meyveleri al\u0131\u00e7, \u00fcvez ve karayemi\u015flerle de yemek fasl\u0131n\u0131 bitirdiniz; hemen kalk\u0131p gitmeyin, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":55,"featured_media":9150,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[98,21,217,38],"tags":[596,198],"class_list":["post-9147","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-60-sayi","category-biyoloji","category-cevre-bilimleri","category-dergi-sayilari","tag-agac","tag-cevre"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.10 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Hasan Torlak\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2009\/02\/01\/yedigimiz-ictigimiz-endemik-bitkilerimiz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 4.9.10\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Bilim ve Gelecek\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Yedi\u011fimiz-i\u00e7ti\u011fimiz endemik bitkilerimiz | Bilim ve Gelecek\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2009\/02\/01\/yedigimiz-ictigimiz-endemik-bitkilerimiz\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"fb:app_id\" content=\"2104805563100892\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"fb:admins\" content=\"1250955469\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/IMG_1602.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/IMG_1602.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1475\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"916\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2009-02-01T20:19:46+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-05-20T19:21:34+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bilimvegelecekdergisi\/\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@bilimvegelecek\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Yedi\u011fimiz-i\u00e7ti\u011fimiz endemik bitkilerimiz | Bilim ve Gelecek\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/IMG_1602.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"aioseo-schema\">\n\t\t\t{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\\\/index.php\\\/2009\\\/02\\\/01\\\/yedigimiz-ictigimiz-endemik-bitkilerimiz#article\",\"name\":\"Yedi\\u011fimiz-i\\u00e7ti\\u011fimiz endemik bitkilerimiz | Bilim ve Gelecek\",\"headline\":\"Yedi\\u011fimiz-i\\u00e7ti\\u011fimiz endemik bitkilerimiz\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\\\/index.php\\\/author\\\/htorlak#author\"},\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2017\\\/05\\\/IMG_1602.jpg\",\"width\":1475,\"height\":916},\"datePublished\":\"2009-02-01T22:19:46+02:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-05-20T22:21:34+03:00\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr-TR\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\\\/index.php\\\/2009\\\/02\\\/01\\\/yedigimiz-ictigimiz-endemik-bitkilerimiz#webpage\"},\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\\\/index.php\\\/2009\\\/02\\\/01\\\/yedigimiz-ictigimiz-endemik-bitkilerimiz#webpage\"},\"articleSection\":\"60. 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