{"id":9173,"date":"2009-02-01T23:01:05","date_gmt":"2009-02-01T21:01:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.232.216.219\/~bilimvegelecek\/?p=9173"},"modified":"2017-05-20T22:23:46","modified_gmt":"2017-05-20T19:23:46","slug":"tanrilarin-arabalarindan-aydinlarin-seytanina-dan-brown-yeni-daniken-mi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2009\/02\/01\/tanrilarin-arabalarindan-aydinlarin-seytanina-dan-brown-yeni-daniken-mi","title":{"rendered":"Tanr\u0131lar\u0131n arabalar\u0131ndan ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n \u015feytan\u0131na! Dan Brown yeni Daniken mi?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Daniken\u2019in ve Dan Brown\u2019un o ya da \u015fu mezhepten olmalar\u0131, dinden yana g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcp g\u00f6r\u00fcnmemeleri, tanr\u0131ya inan\u0131p inanmamalar\u0131, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f toplumun sorunlar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemsiz bir ayr\u0131nt\u0131d\u0131r. Yap\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n hangi toplumsal ko\u015fullarda ne t\u00fcr etkiler yapabilece\u011fi daha \u00f6nemlidir. On milyonlarla dile getirilen sat\u0131\u015f rekorlar\u0131, pazar ekonomisinin kitlesel, hatta k\u00fcresel \u00e7apta \u00fcretim ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc \u00e7arklar\u0131na bir bi\u00e7imde tak\u0131labildiklerini g\u00f6sterir. Ancak, toplumsal etkilerinin ekonomik boyutundan \u00e7ok g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ideolojik i\u015flev, bize onlar\u0131n toplumsal, s\u0131n\u0131fsal bilinci ne y\u00f6nde ve ne \u00e7apta etkiledi\u011fini g\u00f6sterebilir. <\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130ki \u00e7oksatar dalgas\u0131<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Bir ku\u015fak kadar \u00f6nce, yay\u0131n d\u00fcnyas\u0131, \u201cbe\u015f y\u0131ld\u0131zl\u0131\u201d bir \u201cara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 yazar\u201d\u0131n \u201cpop\u00fcler kar\u015f\u0131 bilim\u201d olarak nitelendirilebilecek kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n bombard\u0131man\u0131yla sars\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bir ku\u015fak sonra, 2000 ile ba\u015flayan on y\u0131l, \u201cpop\u00fcler kar\u015f\u0131 tarih\u201d denebilecek kitaplar\u0131yla benzeri bir sars\u0131nt\u0131 ge\u00e7irmekte.<\/p>\n

Asl\u0131nda be\u015f y\u0131ld\u0131zl\u0131 olan, yazar de\u011fil, y\u00f6neticisi oldu\u011fu turistik oteldi. Kitaplar\u0131 \u201cpop\u00fcler bilim\u201d yap\u0131tlar\u0131 bile say\u0131lmazd\u0131. Kendisinin \u201cara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 yazar\u201d olarak sunulmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 turistik gezilerinde \u00e7al\u0131 d\u00fcrtmekti. Tanr\u0131lar\u0131n Arabalar\u0131<\/em> ile ba\u015flayan dizi, Tohum ve Evren<\/em>, Y\u0131ld\u0131zlara D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f<\/em>, Tanr\u0131lar\u0131n Ayak \u0130zleri<\/em>, Tanr\u0131lar\u0131n Stratejisi<\/em>, Tanr\u0131lar\u0131n Mucizeleri <\/em>gibi kitaplarla s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Okuyucular\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra t\u00fcm arkeoloji, tarih, astronomi, dinbilginlerine verdi\u011fi derslerle, Ta\u015f Devri Bildi\u011fimiz Gibi De\u011fildi<\/em> ve \u201cTanr\u0131lar Astronotlardan Ba\u015fkas\u0131 De\u011fildi\u201d gibi bir ba\u015fl\u0131kla \u00e7evrilebilecek olan The Gods were Astraunots <\/em>ile noktalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Peki, eski\u00e7a\u011f neydi? Uzay yolculuklar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemdi. Tanr\u0131 sand\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n uzay gemilerinden indikleri ad\u0131ndan belli.<\/p>\n

Benzer bi\u00e7imde, Dan Brown\u2019\u0131n yap\u0131tlar\u0131, sars\u0131c\u0131 etkiler yaratmakta. Dan Brown da (Daniken gibi) bilim e\u011fitimi g\u00f6rmemi\u015f \u201cd\u0131\u015ftan gazel okuyan\u201d biridir. \u0130ngilizce ve \u0130spanyolca e\u011fitimi g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f, m\u00fczik d\u00fcnyas\u0131na ge\u00e7ip kasetler \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f, s\u00f6z yazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eiir yazan roman da yazar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle olmal\u0131 (g\u00f6le maya \u00e7almaya benzer bir tutumla) ilgin\u00e7 tarihsel konularda gerilim roman\u0131 yazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Bin y\u0131l\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na do\u011fru Dijital Kale <\/em>(ing. 1998) ile ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yay\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131, Melekler ve \u015eeytanlar <\/em>(ing. 2000), \u0130hanet Noktas\u0131 <\/em>(ing. 2001) yap\u0131tlar\u0131 izlemi\u015ftir. Sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131 on binlerin \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kamazken Da Vinci Kodu<\/em> (ing. 2003) ile turnay\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00fcnden vurmu\u015f olur. Yap\u0131t, bir haftada en \u00e7ok satan kitaplar listesinin tepesine t\u0131rman\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda daha \u00f6nce yazd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 da listede yan\u0131na \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0130lgi avc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Gerek Daniken\u2019in gerek Dan Brown\u2019un ses getiren ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131 neyle a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir? Bir\u00e7ok \u015feyle. Bunlardan biri, birinin uzay \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda, \u00f6tekinin ileti\u015fim \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 ortam\u0131nda \u201cilgi avc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d yapmalar\u0131d\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ek, bilim, edebiyat tasalar\u0131 (\u00f6yle g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor ki) sonradan gelmi\u015ftir. Her iki yazar\u0131n en s\u0131k ba\u015fvurduklar\u0131 mant\u0131k (nedenlerden sonuca gitme de\u011fil) benzetmelerden sonuca atlamakt\u0131r. Benzeri bir \u201cbenzetme mant\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d ile ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir: Ku\u015f s\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcne rastlan\u0131p t\u00fcfekle ate\u015f a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131nca (a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131 sa\u00e7malan\u0131nca) sa\u00e7malardan birka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n birka\u00e7 ku\u015f indirmesi olas\u0131d\u0131r. Bunun i\u00e7in keskin ni\u015fanc\u0131 olmaya gerek yok.<\/p>\n

Yazarlar\u0131n bilimsel olmamakla yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131 kimi okuyuculara a\u011f\u0131r gelebilir. Daniken \u201cara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 yazar\u201d olarak de\u011fil bilimkurgu yazar\u0131 olarak sunulsayd\u0131 hi\u00e7bir diyece\u011fimiz olmazd\u0131. Dan Brown hayranlar\u0131, yap\u0131tlar\u0131n sonu\u00e7ta \u201c\u00f6yk\u00fc\u201d oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyerek savunma yapabilir. Ancak kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, metinden \u00f6nce \u201cGER\u00c7EK\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla koymay\u0131 al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k edindi\u011fi birer sayfal\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131nda, s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fi \u00f6rg\u00fctlerin, teknolojilerin, bulu\u015flar\u0131n hatta baz\u0131 olaylar\u0131n ger\u00e7e\u011fe dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 notunu d\u00fc\u015fmektedir. \u0130nternet sitesinde \u201cy\u00fczde y\u00fcz\u201d ger\u00e7ekler demektedir. Bir televizyon program\u0131nda (CERN gibi kurumlardan gelen d\u00fczeltmelere kar\u015f\u0131n) ine ine anlatt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u201cy\u00fczde doksan dokuzunun\u201d ger\u00e7e\u011fe uydu\u011funu s\u00f6yleme noktas\u0131na inmi\u015ftir. (1)<\/p>\n

Bu yaz\u0131da her iki yazar\u0131n yazd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n tarihsel ger\u00e7eklere ne derece uygun olduklar\u0131n\u0131 irdelemekten \u00e7ok toplumsal etkileri ve ideolojik i\u015flevleri \u00fczerinde durulacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

DAN\u0130KEN K\u0130MD\u0130? AMACI NEYD\u0130?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Erich von Daniken, 1935\u2019te \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019de do\u011fdu. Fribourg St. Michel Koleji\u2019nde okudu. Daha sonra kendini eski dinsel yaz\u0131lar\u0131 okuyup incelemeye kapt\u0131rd\u0131. Bu yoldaki k\u00fclt\u00fcrel birikiminin kendisinin be\u015f y\u0131ld\u0131zl\u0131 bir turistik otelin y\u00f6neticili\u011fine getirilmesinde katk\u0131s\u0131 bulunabilir. Ayn\u0131 birikimle, otel y\u00f6neticili\u011fi s\u0131ras\u0131nda (1968\u2019de) yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk kitab\u0131 olan Tanr\u0131lar\u0131n Arabalar\u0131<\/em>, kendisine \u00fcn ve para kadar \u201cparlak\u201d (?) bir yazarl\u0131k kariyerinin kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n

Daniken\u2019in riskli bir konuda, y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00e7ekebilecek bir sav\u0131 ortaya atmas\u0131n\u0131n nedenleri bulan\u0131k. Kutsal kitaplardaki tarihin ger\u00e7ekli\u011fe uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6stermek istemi\u015f olabilir. \u0130\u00e7lerindeki inan\u00e7lar\u0131n san\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi y\u00fcce etik de\u011ferler i\u00e7ermedi\u011fini (dolayl\u0131 yoldan) anlatmay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f olabilir. Zaman\u0131nda moda olan \u201cbilimsel ku\u015fkuculuk\u201d ile ezber bozucu sorular sorup ilgileri \u00fczerine \u00e7ekmeyi ama\u00e7lamas\u0131 da olas\u0131d\u0131r. Ya da \u00e7ok daha yal\u0131n ve yak\u0131n bir ama\u00e7la kumar oynay\u0131p \u015fans\u0131n\u0131 denemi\u015ftir. Hangisi ya da hangileri bilemiyoruz. Bilebildi\u011fimiz giri\u015fiminin nedenlerinden \u00e7ok sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ve etkileri.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Daniken\u2019in ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131!<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Tanr\u0131lar\u0131n Arabalar\u0131 <\/em>yap\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n ummu\u015f olabilece\u011finin \u00f6tesinde ilgi g\u00f6rmesiyle d\u00fc\u015flerinin \u00f6n\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. D\u00f6rt dili ak\u0131c\u0131 konu\u015fabilen Daniken, bas\u0131n, yay\u0131n, \u201cayd\u0131nlatma\u201d alan\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015far\u0131lara imza atacakt\u0131. Kitaplar\u0131n\u0131 bu d\u00f6rt dilden yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bilimsel kaynaklar\u0131 inceleyerek yazmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131ndan \u00e7ok, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131na yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gezilerde g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerine dayand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Buralardaki kal\u0131nt\u0131lar ve yap\u0131tlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda duydu\u011fu \u201chayret\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131ca itici g\u00fcc\u00fc olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Bu hayretin verdi\u011fi gayretle, daha sonra ilgili kaynaklardan istedi\u011fi bilgileri se\u00e7ti\u011fini de g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.<\/p>\n

Hakk\u0131n\u0131 yemeyelim Daniken\u2019in (\u00e7o\u011funu ba\u011flamlar\u0131ndan kopar\u0131p, ama\u00e7lar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda ve bilimsel olmayan y\u00f6ntemlerle e\u011fip b\u00fckm\u00fc\u015f olsa da) ilgili kaynaklar\u0131 tarad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bilimsel bulu\u015flar\u0131 izledi\u011fini kabul etmeliyiz. \u00d6yle ki, Kitab\u0131 Mukaddes<\/em>, astronomi, mitoloji, tarih gibi genel kaynaklarla yetinmemi\u015ftir. Uzaya, ak\u0131ll\u0131 varl\u0131klardan yan\u0131t alabilir miyiz diye radyo sinyalleri g\u00f6nderilen 1960 OZMA projesinden ba\u015fka, 1930\u2019lu y\u0131llarda cans\u0131z ya\u015famdan canl\u0131 ya\u015fama ge\u00e7i\u015fin ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Stanley Miller deneylerinden, 1949 y\u0131l\u0131nda Willard Libby\u2019in geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi organik yap\u0131l\u0131 arkeolojik bulgular\u0131 tarihlendirme y\u00f6ntemi radyokarbon (C14<\/sub>) tekni\u011finden, \u00fclkesi \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019de 1954\u2019te, par\u00e7ac\u0131k \u00e7arp\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak atomalt\u0131 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla kurulan CERN\u2019den haberlidir. ABD\u2019ye gidip NASA kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 gezmi\u015f, yetkililerden bilgi alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (2) Ancak bu giri\u015fimlerde \u00fcretilen bilimsel bilgilerin savlar\u0131n\u0131 destekleyip desteklemedi\u011fini gere\u011fince ara\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez.<\/p>\n

Daniken, her y\u0131l ortalama y\u00fcz bin mil (160 bin km) tutan gezilerinde, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n neredeyse g\u00f6rmedi\u011fi k\u00fclt\u00fcr b\u00f6lgesi b\u0131rakmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buradaki halklar\u0131n mitoslar\u0131na kulak vermi\u015f (Aryanlar\u0131n Mahabharata<\/em>, Mayalar\u0131n Popol vuh<\/em> yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f destan\u0131 gibi) yaz\u0131l\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n sayfalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7evirmi\u015ftir. M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da baz\u0131 hiyeroglifleri bug\u00fcnk\u00fc dile \u00e7evirdi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemektedir. Somut kal\u0131nt\u0131larla soyut mitoslar\u0131, neredeyse diki\u015f izi b\u0131rakmayacak bir beceriyle birle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Onlara dayanarak, mitos ile tarihi ayn\u0131 ustal\u0131kla birle\u015ftiren Kitab\u0131 Mukaddes<\/em> uzmanlar\u0131n\u0131n yorumlar\u0131na ve akademik tarih\u00e7ilerin geleneksel a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kabilmi\u015ftir. O g\u00fc\u00e7le do\u011fa, insanl\u0131k ve uygarl\u0131k tarihini yeniden kurmaya kalkabilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Bu yolda, gezileri s\u0131ras\u0131nda 25 \u00fclkede 3000 konu\u015fma yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlardan 500\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fcniversitelerde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, etkisinin hafife al\u0131nmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu y\u00fcksekli\u011fe ula\u015fan ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n kilometre ta\u015flar\u0131 olarak \u015funlar an\u0131labilir: Tanr\u0131lar\u0131n Arabalar\u0131 <\/em>\u00e7\u0131kar \u00e7\u0131kmaz Almanya\u2019da ve Amerika\u2019da en \u00e7ok satan kitap olmu\u015ftur. Bu san\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7evrildi\u011fi 38 \u00fclkede de s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u00c7ok ge\u00e7meden ABD\u2019de \u201cAntik Astronotlar Aray\u0131\u015f\u0131\u201d olarak \u00e7evrilebilecek televizyon dizisinde savlar\u0131na g\u00f6rsellik kazand\u0131rmas\u0131 \u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc per\u00e7inlemi\u015ftir. Alman SAT-1<\/em> kanal\u0131, 1993\u2019te \u201cTanr\u0131lar\u0131n Ayak \u0130zleri\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 25 b\u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fck diziyi Daniken\u2019in savlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u011fz\u0131ndan dinleterek yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Amerikan ABC\/Kane<\/em> kanal\u0131, 1997\u2019de Daniken ile birlikte haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u201cbelgesel\u201d \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc Discovery Canal<\/em> yay\u0131nlar\u0131nda g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. En b\u00fcy\u00fck Alman TV a\u011f\u0131 RTL<\/em>\u2019de dizisini (1996\u2019da) 7,7 milyon ki\u015fi izlemi\u015ftir. Daniken 2000\u2019li y\u0131llara gelindi\u011finde bile ABC<\/em> ve RTL<\/em> ile benzeri dizileri haz\u0131rlay\u0131p yay\u0131nlamay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekteydi.<\/p>\n

Kitaplar\u0131 ise t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada (2007\u2019ye dek) 32 dilde 63 milyon kopya satm\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131r. Elimdeki Tanr\u0131lar\u0131n Arabalar\u0131<\/em> T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00e7evirisi, 1990 bas\u0131ml\u0131 olup \u201cErich von Daniken\u2019in ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131\u201d imzas\u0131yla ve 59. bask\u0131 notuyla yap\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fclkemizdeki etkisinin bir \u00f6rne\u011fi olarak g\u00f6sterilebilir.<\/p>\n

Daniken, \u0130svi\u00e7re Yazarlar Birli\u011fi\u2019nin, Alman Yazarlar Birli\u011fi\u2019nin ve d\u00fcnya yazarlar birli\u011fi olan PEN kl\u00fcb\u00fcn \u00fcyesidir. Bir\u00e7ok \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcn ve birka\u00e7 bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rma kurulu\u015funun sahibidir. Bolivya devlet \u00fcniversitesi kendisine onursal doktora derecesi sunmu\u015ftur. Peru\u2019daki \u0130nka ve Nazca b\u00f6lgesi kentlerince kendisine Huesped Illustre \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc verilmi\u015ftir. Brezilya\u2019dan alt\u0131ndan ve platinden yap\u0131lma Louven\u00e7ok Filho \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6d\u00fcl sunan \u00fclkeler turizm gelirlerini art\u0131rma tasas\u0131 i\u00e7indeki G\u00fcney Amerika ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fildir. Almanya\u2019da astronot Ulf Merbold ile Order of Gordon Bleu du Saint Esprit \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Arkeoloji, Astronomi ve SET\u0130 Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Derne\u011fi onun taraf\u0131ndan (1998\u2019de) kurulmu\u015ftur. Dernek Paleo-SET\u0130 hakk\u0131nda son ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 yay\u0131nlayan Legendary Times \u2122<\/em> dergisini \u00e7\u0131karmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daniken \u201cDisiplinleraras\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar ve D\u00fcnya Gizemleri Forumu\u201d \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na da kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019de s\u00f6z konusu gizemlerin tan\u0131t\u0131l\u0131p ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cGizemler Park\u0131\u201d kurulu\u015funu, d\u00fcn denecek bir tarihte (2003\u2019te) ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Ne yaz\u0131k ki (!) bu park\u0131n yerinde bug\u00fcn (2006\u2019dan beri) yeller esmektedir. (3)<\/p>\n

T\u00fcm bunlar Daniken\u2019in etkisinin \u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131, hangi \u00e7evrelerde yayg\u0131n oldu\u011funu, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze denk s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6stermektedir. Denebilir ki Daniken bir yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f, bir ak\u0131m yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu yolda kendini izleyenler \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Bunlardan biri (Dan Brown de\u011fil) Graham Hancock. \u0130nternetteki \u201cIn Search of the Lost Civilization\u201d adl\u0131 sitesi ve yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmalarla bu ak\u0131m\u0131n (2007\u2019deki) durumunu sergilemektedir.<\/p>\n

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DAN\u0130KEN\u2019\u0130N SAVI<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tanr\u0131 bildiklerimiz asl\u0131nda uzayl\u0131lard\u0131<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Homo sapiens Uzayl\u0131-Yer\u2019li melezinin ad\u0131<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Daniken \u00e7ok soru sordu. Sorular\u0131na \u00e7ok yan\u0131t buldu. Pek \u00e7ok su\u00e7lamalarda bulundu. Pek \u00e7ok sav ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Savlar\u0131, yerk\u00fcrede Paleolitik k\u00fclt\u00fcr ya\u015fan\u0131rken, yery\u00fcz\u00fcne inen, nereden geldikleri bilinmeyen uzayl\u0131lar\u0131n, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 uygarl\u0131\u011fa ge\u00e7irdikten sonra geldikleri gibi bir bilinmeze \u00e7ekip gittikleri inanc\u0131 omurgas\u0131 \u00e7evresinde eklemlenen kaburgalar \u00e7atk\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ete kemi\u011fe b\u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fclmesidir.<\/p>\n

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\u00d6nce merakl\u0131lara sorular?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Daniken\u2019in kitaplar\u0131nda\/dizilerinde, kal\u0131nt\u0131lar, dinsel metinler, buluntular, uygarl\u0131klar ve mitoslar gibi konularla ilgili bir\u00e7ok soru sorulmaktad\u0131r. \u0130lk kitab\u0131n\u0131n ilk sorular\u0131ndan biri (bizi yak\u0131ndan ilgilendiren) Piri Reis haritalar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda. Topkap\u0131 Saray\u0131\u2019nda, 18. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda bulunan haritalar nas\u0131l olur da hava foto\u011fraflar\u0131ndan yararlan\u0131larak \u00e7ekilen \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f haritalara bu kadar benzer? Ve nas\u0131l oluyor da buzullar\u0131n alt\u0131nda bulunan, s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 ancak (1952\u2019de) ses yans\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 tekniklerle \u00e7izilebilen Antartika k\u0131tas\u0131 do\u011fru g\u00f6sterebilir?<\/p>\n

M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a ge\u00e7iyor. Piramitler hakk\u0131nda onlarca soru: O g\u00fcn\u00fcn ilkel ara\u00e7l\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131 o ta\u015flar\u0131 nas\u0131l ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131p \u00fcst \u00fcste koyabildi? Ta\u015flar\u0131 santimetrenin on binde biri kadar yak\u0131nl\u0131kla nas\u0131l birle\u015ftirebildi? Keops Piramiti\u2019nin taban\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7evresinin Yer ile G\u00fcne\u015f aras\u0131 uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n milyarda birini tutturmas\u0131 (hi\u00e7!) bir rastlant\u0131 olabilir mi? G\u00fcney Amerika\u2019ya g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Nazca d\u00fczl\u00fcklerindeki (i\u00e7lerinde \u00fc\u00e7 kollu \u015famdana benzer bi\u00e7imli ve \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f havaalan\u0131n\u0131 and\u0131ran\u0131 bulunan) \u015fekiller, \u201ctanr\u0131lara buraya inin her \u015fey buyurdu\u011funuz gibi \u00e7izildi\u201d anlam\u0131na gelemez mi? \u0130nka ba\u015fkenti Cuzco kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki d\u00f6rt katl\u0131 ev b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde 20 bin ton a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u00fczerinde sarmal \u015fekiller bulunan kayay\u0131 oraya kim ta\u015f\u0131yabilir. Dahas\u0131 \u00fczerinde yontulan merdivenlerden anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere onu kim ters \u00e7evirebilir?<\/p>\n

Bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Daniken, Peru\u2019daki \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek bir \u0131s\u0131n\u0131n etkisiyle camla\u015fm\u0131\u015f kayalardan s\u00f6z eder. Atom bombas\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Nevada\u2019daki eriyip camla\u015fm\u0131\u015f kumlara benzerli\u011fine ilgimizi \u00e7eker. Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n S\u00fcmerliler ile birlikte birdenbire do\u011fu\u015funun kolay kolay a\u00e7\u0131klanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yazar. Kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, Ninova\u2019da, de\u011fil zaman\u0131n ara\u00e7lar\u0131yla, zaman\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bilgisayarlar\u0131yla bile hesaplanamayacak 15 basamakl\u0131 say\u0131dan dem vurur. M\u00d6 82 yap\u0131m\u0131 metal (dereceli pergel benzeri) arac\u0131n, ileri astronomi g\u00f6zlemlerinde kullan\u0131lan bir planetaryum oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyip foto\u011fraf\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00e7izimini verir. \u0130ki bin y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinden kalma kuru pillerin bulundu\u011funu yazar. Kitab\u0131 Mukaddes<\/em>\u2019deki Sodom ve Gomorra \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcnden giderek anlat\u0131lanlar\u0131n \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f bilimle bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc anla\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrer.<\/p>\n

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Sonra bilimden ku\u015fkular<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcm bunlar\u0131n elimizdeki bilimle yan\u0131t\u0131 verilemeyen sorular k\u00fcmesi olu\u015fturdu\u011funu belirttikten sonra uzaya atlar. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n Merih\u2019te san\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi ya\u015fam\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koydu\u011funu kabul eder. Ama Merih\u2019te donmu\u015f su bulunmu\u015ftur. Bu da orada bir zamanlar ya\u015fam\u0131n, hatta ak\u0131ll\u0131 canl\u0131lar\u0131n bulunmu\u015f olabilece\u011fini g\u00f6sterir. Merihliler bir \u00e7evre y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131 ya da sald\u0131r\u0131 sonucu gezegenlerini uzayda tutunabilecekleri bir yer aramak \u00fczere bo\u015faltm\u0131\u015f olabilirler. Gezegenimizdeki a\u00e7\u0131klanamayan sorularla Merih\u2019te olmu\u015f olabilecekleri birle\u015ftirirseniz geride ge\u00e7erli tek bir varsay\u0131m kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: Uzayl\u0131lar\u0131n ziyareti. B\u00f6yle bir ge\u00e7mi\u015ften, ge\u00e7mi\u015fi do\u011fru anlatmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacak bir ders vard\u0131r. Merihliler gibi bir g\u00fcn uzayda ya\u015fanacak gezegen aramak zorunda kalabiliriz. \u00d6yleyse dogmatik tarih bilgilerimizi b\u0131rak\u0131p ge\u00e7mi\u015fimizi do\u011fru ara\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131y\u0131z. Uzay ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131na \u00f6nem verip gelece\u011fimizi uzayda aramal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Burada metodolojik bir ele\u015ftiriyi (yeri gelmemi\u015f olsa bile) yapmadan edemeyece\u011fim. Daniken, uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n bir genel y\u0131k\u0131mdan be\u015f bin y\u0131l sonra, kendini yeniden toplarken 7000 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7evirmenlerinin Marx\u2019\u0131n ve Lenin\u2019in nutuklar\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irince, ge\u00e7mi\u015fin anla\u015f\u0131lmaz \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n dinlerinden birinin iki y\u00fcksek papaz\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 sanarak sevinecekleri varsay\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirir. Bununla akl\u0131nca bir ta\u015fla \u00fc\u00e7 ku\u015f vurup, hem Marx\u2019\u0131, hem g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn eski\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015f yans\u0131tan geleneksel tarih\u00e7ilerini ele\u015ftirmektedir. Hem de bir y\u0131k\u0131ma kar\u015f\u0131 haz\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olmam\u0131z gerekti\u011fi yolundaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini desteklemi\u015f olmaktad\u0131r. Bunun yerine Marx\u2019\u0131n \u201cinsanl\u0131k g\u00fcndemine (\u00e7\u00f6zemeyeceklerini de\u011fil) ancak \u00e7\u00f6zebilece\u011fi sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 koyar\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcne kulak verseydi iyi olurdu.<\/p>\n

Daniken, yukar\u0131da \u00f6rnekleri verilen sorular\u0131yla ilgili konularda, arkeolojide, tarihte ve \u00f6teki bilgi dallar\u0131nda getirilmi\u015f \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri, geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f yan\u0131tlar\u0131 (birka\u00e7 \u00e7\u00f6mlek k\u0131r\u0131\u011f\u0131yla an\u0131tsal yap\u0131lar\u0131 birle\u015ftiriverme kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ka\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yan\u0131tlar olarak su\u00e7lama \u00f6rne\u011findeki gibi) elinin tersiyle bir k\u0131y\u0131ya itivermektedir.<\/p>\n

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Var\u0131lacak ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz sonu\u00e7: Uzayl\u0131lar\u0131n i\u015fleri<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cGeriye tek varsay\u0131m kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: Uzayl\u0131lar\u0131n ziyareti\u201d sonucuna ula\u015fan Daniken, varsay\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fleyip geli\u015ftirmeye ge\u00e7er: \u201cErken Paleolitik\u201d \u00e7a\u011fda (40-10 bin y\u0131l \u00f6ncelerinde) uzayl\u0131lar\u0131n d\u00fcnyam\u0131za geldikleri sav\u0131nday\u0131m.<\/strong> Kimler olup hangi gezegenden geldiklerini daha bilmiyorum<\/strong>. O \u00e7a\u011fda ya\u015fayan insans\u0131 yarat\u0131klar\u0131 n\u00fckleer silahlarla kitlesel \u00e7apta yok ettiklerine, belki de ilk Homo sapiens<\/em>\u2019i \u00fcretip yeniden geleceklerini s\u00f6yleyerek \u00e7ekip gittiklerine kesinlikle<\/strong> inan\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n

Daniken uzayl\u0131lar\u0131n, dinsel metinlerde s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen devler (nefilim) olabileceklerini ekler. Se\u00e7kin yerlilerle \u00e7iftle\u015ferek, ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan melez t\u00fcre yarayacak ileri bilgilerle donatt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr. Homo sapiens<\/em>\u2019e dek birka\u00e7 deneme yap\u0131p, ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zlar\u0131 n\u00fckleer bombalarla yok ederek birka\u00e7 deneme yapm\u0131\u015f olabileceklerini de d\u00fc\u015fler. Burada da \u201cinsan\u0131n organik evrimiyle ilgili a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n\u0131 be\u011fenmeyip, \u00f6rne\u011fin s\u0131radan bir biyoloji \u00f6\u011fretmenine dan\u0131\u015fsayd\u0131 b\u00f6yle bir sav\u0131 hi\u00e7bir zaman \u00f6ne s\u00fcremezdi\u201d demekten kendimi alamayaca\u011f\u0131m. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 zooloji ve evrim biyolojisi, her t\u00fcr\u00fcn belli bir ekolojide bi\u00e7imlendi\u011fini ortaya koymu\u015ftur. Orada \u00e7o\u011fal\u0131p farkl\u0131 \u00e7evrelere yay\u0131l\u0131nca pop\u00fclasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n gen havuzunda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen mutasyonlar sonucunda, baz\u0131 genlerin s\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n (\u00f6teki \u00e7evrelerdeki pop\u00fclasyonlar\u0131nkine g\u00f6re) artmas\u0131yla (\u00f6rne\u011fin deri rengini denetleyen genlerin pigment oran\u0131n\u0131 azaltmas\u0131 ya da artt\u0131rmas\u0131yla) \u201c\u0131rkla\u015fma\u201d g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Ayn\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcn \u0131rklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda genetik engel yoktur. \u00c7iftle\u015fip melez d\u00f6ller edinebilirler. Genlerini birbirlerinin pop\u00fclasyonuna ge\u00e7irerek gen al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fi yapabilirler. Irkla\u015fma ne zaman ki (bir pop\u00fclasyonun co\u011frafi ya da genetik yal\u0131tlanma sonucunda) \u00f6teki pop\u00fclasyonlarla gen al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fi yapamayacak derecede farkl\u0131la\u015f\u0131r, i\u015fte o zaman ortaya yeni bir t\u00fcr \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f demektir. At ile e\u015fe\u011fin atalar\u0131n\u0131n ortak olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n \u00e7iftle\u015fmemeleri, \u00e7iftle\u015ftirildiklerinde bile \u00e7iftle\u015femeyen kat\u0131rlar\u0131n do\u011fmas\u0131 bu olgunun en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011fidir. Nerde kald\u0131 uzayda bi\u00e7imlenmi\u015f bir (dev) t\u00fcr\u00fcn Yery\u00fcz\u00fc t\u00fcrleriyle \u00e7iftle\u015fip yeni bir t\u00fcr yaratmas\u0131?<\/p>\n

Homo sapiens<\/em>\u2019in organik evrimi sorununu \u00e7\u00f6zd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne inanan Daniken\u2019in insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel evrimi konusunda da uzmanlara parmak \u0131s\u0131rtacak a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 (savlar\u0131) vard\u0131r: Uzaydan arabalarla (yani uzay gemileriyle) inenleri g\u00f6ren Yer\u2019lilerin ilk yapacaklar\u0131 \u015fey, yerlere kapan\u0131p y\u00fczlerini gizlemek olurdu. Aya, G\u00fcne\u015fe tap\u0131nma d\u00fczeyindeki bu kimseler, tanr\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6kten yere indiklerini sanacaklard\u0131. \u0130nenler onlar\u0131n bu yan\u0131lg\u0131s\u0131ndan yararlanarak, g\u00f6t\u00fcrebilecekleri uranyum gibi cevherleri arayacaklard\u0131. Ararken Yer\u2019lileri (Daniken\u2019in de\u011fil benim adland\u0131rmam) uygarla\u015ft\u0131racak bilgiler ve tekniklerle (\u00f6rne\u011fin astronomi bilgileriyle, ta\u015f kald\u0131rma teknikleriyle) donatacaklard\u0131. \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n birdenbire (?) uygarl\u0131\u011fa ge\u00e7i\u015fi b\u00f6yle olmu\u015ftu. O \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n insanlar\u0131ndan beklenemeyecek bilgiler b\u00f6yle edinilmi\u015fti. \u201cAk\u0131llara durgunluk veren\u201d yap\u0131lar, yap\u0131tlar b\u00f6yle \u00fcretilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

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Lahana tur\u015fusu: Parapsikolojik inan\u00e7lar<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Bilimsel ku\u015fkuculu\u011funu, ortal\u0131kta elle tutulur bilim b\u0131rakmama derecesinde y\u00fccelten Daniken\u2019in baz\u0131 bilgilere hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku duymadan inanmas\u0131 \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131. Haz\u0131r, yayg\u0131n bilimsel astronomi, arkeoloji, tarih bilgilerine ku\u015fkuyla yakla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6neren Daniken, UFO\u2019lar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ilgili yaz\u0131lanlardan ku\u015fku duymamaktad\u0131r. Anla\u015f\u0131lan uzaydan, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte uzayl\u0131lar\u0131n gemileri gelmi\u015fse zaman\u0131nda UFO\u2019lar\u0131n gelmemesi i\u00e7in hi\u00e7bir nedenin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmektedir. Uzaydan, elimizdeki dinleme ara\u00e7lar\u0131yla bile alg\u0131layamad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z mesajlar geliyor olabilir. Bunu olanakl\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cCayce Olay\u0131\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131labilecek \u00f6rnekle parapsikolojiye inanc\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilir:<\/p>\n

Aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, 1940\u2019larda, Kentucky\u2019li bir \u00e7ift\u00e7inin Edgar Cayce adl\u0131 o\u011flu gen\u00e7 ya\u015fta hastalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Doktorlar hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ne anlayabilmekte ne iyile\u015ftirebilmektedir. Her kas\u0131na kramplar girmekte, y\u00fcksek ate\u015fler i\u00e7inde yanmaktad\u0131r. Doktorlar (hep \u00f6yle denir) aciz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Derken delikanl\u0131 birdenbire y\u00fcksek sesle ve a\u00e7\u0131k se\u00e7ik s\u00f6zlerle konu\u015fmaya ba\u015flar. Neden hastaland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klar. Nas\u0131l iyile\u015ftirilece\u011fini s\u00f6yler. \u0130yile\u015febilmesi i\u00e7in istedi\u011fi otlar\u0131n bulunup ezilerek haz\u0131rlanacak lapan\u0131n belkemi\u011fine s\u00fcr\u00fclmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f burada kalsa iyi. Bu kez arkada\u015f\u0131 hastalan\u0131r. Daha \u00f6nce bilmedi\u011fi, duymad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Latince adlar\u0131yla s\u00f6yledi\u011fi ila\u00e7larla bir re\u00e7ete verir. Arkada\u015f\u0131 da iyile\u015fir. Haydi bakal\u0131m bunu nas\u0131l a\u00e7\u0131klars\u0131n\u0131z. Kendisinin hastaland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, kimileri, komadayken konu\u015fmu\u015f olmas\u0131na bak\u0131p ipnotize oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015flerdir. Amerikan Doktorlar\u0131 Birli\u011fi\u2019nin kurdu\u011fu bir inceleme kurulu, s\u00f6z konusu bilgileri komada de\u011fil, uykudayken edindi\u011fini saptar. Durumun a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131nda ipnotizma yoksa geriye tek se\u00e7enek kalmaktad\u0131r: Cayce\u2019nin beyni ba\u015fka beyinlerle ba\u011flant\u0131 kurmaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6yle bir a\u00e7\u0131klama \u00fczerine hastalar evine akmaya ba\u015flar. Bir kuru\u015f almadan, hepsinin tan\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 koyup hepsini iyile\u015ftirir. Bunu nas\u0131l ba\u015farabildi\u011fini soran doktorlara \u015fu yan\u0131t\u0131 verir: \u201c\u0130stedi\u011fim beyinle ili\u015fki kurabiliyorum\u201d. S\u00f6yledi\u011fine g\u00f6re, \u00f6nce hastan\u0131n beyni Cayce\u2019in beynine hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ne oldu\u011funu bildirmektedir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc beyin bedeninde neyin eksik oldu\u011funu bilir? Sonra d\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde o hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in ne yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini bilen beyin aranmaktad\u0131r. \u0130nsan\u0131n \u201coldu olacak, madem ikisiyle de ba\u011flant\u0131 kurabiliyorsun, hastan\u0131n beynini ustaya ba\u011flay\u0131p aradan \u00e7\u0131k ki zaman yitirilmesin\u201d diyesi geliyor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Cayce\u2019nin sav\u0131, insan beyninin b\u00fct\u00fcn beyinlerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011fudur. Benzeri bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn, Dan Brown\u2019\u0131n Melekler ve \u015eeytanlar <\/em>yap\u0131t\u0131nda \u201cba\u011flant\u0131 fizi\u011fi\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6rece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

DAN BROWN K\u0130MD\u0130R?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dan Brown, kilisede org \u00e7alan profesyonel m\u00fczik\u00e7i bir anne ile yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 matematik ders kitab\u0131 \u00f6d\u00fcl kazanm\u0131\u015f bir lise \u00f6\u011fretmeni baban\u0131n o\u011flu olarak 1964\u2019te do\u011fdu. \u00d6nce \u00f6zel okullarda sonra \u00fcnl\u00fc Phillips Exeter Akademisi\u2019nde yat\u0131l\u0131 okudu. \u0130ngiliz ve \u0130spanyol dilleri e\u011fitimi ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Amherst Koleji\u2019ni 1986\u2019da bitirdi.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Aray\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde olu\u015fu<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d6nce (annesinin etkisi sonucu olmal\u0131) m\u00fczik d\u00fcnyas\u0131na at\u0131ld\u0131. \u00c7ocuklar i\u00e7in kasetler \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Kendi m\u00fczik \u015firketini (1993\u2019te) kurup yeti\u015fkinler i\u00e7in m\u00fczik yapmaya ge\u00e7ti. Piyano \u00e7ald\u0131, m\u00fczik par\u00e7alar\u0131 s\u00f6zleri yazd\u0131. Bu ara \u0130ngilizce ve \u0130spanyolca \u00f6\u011fretmenli\u011fi de yapt\u0131. Kendi m\u00fczik par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131 toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Dan Brown CD\u2019sini (1993\u2019te) \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. T\u00fcm bunlar ve daha sonraki etkinlikleri onun bir aray\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

Daha sonra ad\u0131n\u0131 kitab\u0131na da verece\u011fi Angels and Demons<\/em> adl\u0131 m\u00fczik CD\u2019sini (1994\u2019te) \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. \u0130\u00e7inde dinsel m\u00fczik par\u00e7alar\u0131 da bulunmaktayd\u0131. Bu \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcnde oldu\u011fu gibi \u00f6tekilerde de e\u015finin, kendisini y\u00fcreklendirip desteklemekten \u00f6te katk\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011funu kendisi s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Ger\u00e7ekten, yazarl\u0131\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131ktan sonra e\u015fi ile birlikte yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ama kendisi i\u00e7in Danielle Brown (bayan) takma ad\u0131n\u0131 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 187 Men to Avoid<\/em>: A Guide for the Romantically Frustrated Women<\/em> (Ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmas\u0131 Gereken 187 Erkek: D\u00fc\u015f K\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na U\u011fram\u0131\u015f Romantik Kad\u0131n \u0130\u00e7in Rehber) adl\u0131 g\u00fcld\u00fcr\u00fc yap\u0131t\u0131nda bu katk\u0131n\u0131n niteli\u011fi ortaya d\u00f6k\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f bulunmaktad\u0131r. K\u0131sacas\u0131, yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerilim romanlar\u0131nda da (sanat tarih\u00e7isi dedi\u011fi) e\u015finin b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131larda bulundu\u011funu kabul etmektedir. Bu kitaplardaki din-bilim tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda e\u015finin, annesinin ve babas\u0131n\u0131n etkilerinin y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc ve derecesini bilmiyorum.<\/p>\n

Sidney Sheldon\u2019un The Doomsday Conspiracy<\/em> adl\u0131 gerilim roman\u0131n\u0131 (1994\u2019te) okuyunca, ondan daha iyisini yazabilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine kap\u0131ld\u0131. Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme yolunda, m\u00fczi\u011fi, \u00f6\u011fretmenli\u011fi b\u0131rak\u0131p tam zamanl\u0131 yazarl\u0131\u011fa ve roman\u0131 i\u00e7in malzeme toplamaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Melekler ve \u015eeytanlar<\/em> kitab\u0131ndaki \u201cTe\u015fekk\u00fcr\u201d sayfas\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, Vatikan\u2019a gidip Papa ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. M\u00fczesini, elyazmalar\u0131n\u0131, sanat yap\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 inceledi. Papal\u0131k Bilim Akademisi\u2019nde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler yapt\u0131. \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019ye gidip (Daniken gibi) CERN yetkililerinden bilgi ald\u0131. Amerikan Bilim Adamlar\u0131 Federasyonu \u00fcyeleriyle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Mason \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinden bilgi ald\u0131. Kongre kitapl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fcniversite kitapl\u0131klar\u0131nda uzun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131, notlar ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. (4)<\/p>\n

B\u00f6yle bir birikimi, bir yandan incelemelerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcrken, hemen hemen iki y\u0131lda bir yay\u0131nlanan tarihsel konulu gerilim romanlar\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131n\u0131 izledi. \u0130lk kitab\u0131 Dijital Kale<\/em> 1998\u2019de yay\u0131nland\u0131. Onu (2000\u2019de) Melekler ve \u015eeytanlar<\/em> izledi. \u0130hanet Noktas\u0131<\/em> 2001\u2019de yay\u0131nland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu \u00fc\u00e7 yap\u0131t\u0131nda (onar binin \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kamayan sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla) b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ba\u015far\u0131 kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemez. Ancak Da Vinci Kodu<\/em> adl\u0131 yap\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n 2004\u2019te yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131yla \u015fans\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Pop\u00fcler bir ki\u015fi, \u00e7oksatar (\u0130ng. bestseller<\/em>) kitaplar yazar\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/u><\/p>\n

Ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131 – ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Birileri \u201cy\u00fcr\u00fc ya kulum\u201d demi\u015f gibi, daha \u00f6nce fazla ilgi \u00e7ekmeyen yap\u0131tlar\u0131 da \u00e7oksatar listesine girdi. Da Vinci Kodu<\/em>, bas\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ilk haftas\u0131nda, en \u00e7ok satan kitaplar listesinin ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7ti. Bunda yap\u0131lan reklam\u0131n etkisinin olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmiyorum. Ama \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l ge\u00e7meden (2006\u2019da) t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada 60 milyondan fazla sat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bulunuyordu. Bununla, t\u00fcm zamanlar\u0131n en \u00e7ok sat\u0131lan (bas\u0131lan de\u011fil, o Kitab\u0131 Mukaddes<\/em>\u2019in rekoru) kitab\u0131 olmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

Time<\/em> dergisi (2005\u2019te) Brown\u2019\u0131 (konumuz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli say\u0131labilecek bir saptamayla) y\u0131l\u0131n en etkili 100 ki\u015fisi listesine ald\u0131. Forbes, ayn\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131n 100 \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fc listesinde on ikincili\u011fe yerle\u015ftirip, y\u0131ll\u0131k gelirinin 75 milyon dolar\u0131 a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hesaplad\u0131. The Times<\/em> yaln\u0131zca Da Vinci Kodu<\/em> kitab\u0131n\u0131n kendisine 250 milyon dolar kazand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yazd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu kitap (2006\u2019da) Columbia Pictures<\/em> taraf\u0131ndan filme \u00e7ekildi. Y\u00f6netmenli\u011fini Ron Howard yapt\u0131. Ancak Cannes Festivali\u2019nde olumlu ele\u015ftiriler alamad\u0131. Daha sonra, y\u0131l\u0131n en k\u00f6t\u00fc filmleri listesinde ikincili\u011fi alabildi! Melekler ve \u015eeytanlar<\/em> ayn\u0131 y\u00f6netmen ve ayn\u0131 ba\u015frol oyuncusu (Tom Hanks) ile \u00e7ekilmektedir. M\u00fcjdeler olsun 2009\u2019un 15 May\u0131s\u2019\u0131nda g\u00f6sterime girecekmi\u015f.<\/p>\n

Kitab\u0131ndan \u00e7ekilen filmin ele\u015ftirmenlerce be\u011fenilmemesi yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, kitab\u0131n\u0131n edebiyat ele\u015ftirmenlerince yerilmesi can\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131km\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131. Ger\u00e7ekten onlardan biri G. K. Pullum, \u201cedebiyat tarihinin yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f en k\u00f6t\u00fc d\u00fczyaz\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011fi\u201d dedi. (5) Bunlar ve hakk\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lan \u00fc\u00e7 \u201c\u00e7al\u0131nt\u0131\u201d davas\u0131 (ikisini davac\u0131lar yitirmi\u015f olsa da \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u00fcr\u00fcyor olmas\u0131) ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6lgeleyen olaylar say\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131 konuyu daha \u00f6nce i\u015flemi\u015f olan The Da Vinci Legacy<\/em> (Da Vinci Miras\u0131, 1983) ve The Daughter of God<\/em> (\u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n K\u0131z\u0131, 2000) adl\u0131 romanlar\u0131n yazar\u0131 Lewis Perdue (2005\u2019te) Brown\u2019un yap\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n kendisininkine benzedi\u011fi sav\u0131yla dava a\u00e7t\u0131. Yarg\u0131\u00e7, \u201c Da Vinci Kodu<\/em>\u2019nun \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n K\u0131z\u0131<\/em> yap\u0131t\u0131na benzedi\u011fi sonucuna, uzman olmayan akl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda bir g\u00f6zlemci varmaz\u201d gerek\u00e7esiyle, sav\u0131 kabul etmedi. Hakk\u0131nda bundan daha \u00f6nemli dava 2007\u2019de a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. M. Baigent, R. Leigh ve H. Lincoln, Holy Blood, Holy Grail<\/em> (Kutsal Soy, Kutsal K\u00e2se) adl\u0131 (1982 tarihli) ortak imzal\u0131 yap\u0131tlar\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli temalar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131n\u0131p kaynak g\u00f6sterilmedi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fcler.<\/p>\n

Bu kez s\u00f6z konusu yap\u0131t\u0131n roman olmamas\u0131 (ara\u015ft\u0131rma olmas\u0131) kurtard\u0131 Brown\u2019\u0131. Romanc\u0131lar\u0131n tarih kitaplar\u0131 gibi kaynaklardan baz\u0131 bilgileri al\u0131p i\u015flemelerinin yerle\u015fmi\u015f bir gelenek oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc yard\u0131m\u0131na yeti\u015fmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

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K\u0130MLER MELEK K\u0130MLER \u015eEYTAN? <\/strong><\/p>\n

Da Vinci Kodu<\/em> i\u00e7inde ve Brown\u2019\u0131n onu yazarken yararland\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Kitab\u0131 Mukaddes<\/em>\u2019e al\u0131nmayan ilk H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k metinlerinden tutun, hakk\u0131nda dava a\u00e7an yazarlar\u0131n kitaplar\u0131na dek uzanan) yap\u0131tlarda i\u015flenen tart\u0131\u015fma yaratan konu, \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n Mecdeli Meryem\u2019den bir \u00e7ocu\u011funun olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, soyunun s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcp g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze dek gelip gelmedi\u011fi sorunudur. Bunun, H\u0131ristiyan d\u00fcnyas\u0131 i\u00e7in, \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n vekilli\u011fi, Katolik Kilisesi ve Papal\u0131k hakk\u0131nda sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. B\u00f6yle bir tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n \u0130slam \u00fclkelerinin okurlar\u0131 i\u00e7in hi\u00e7bir \u00f6nemi yoktur. Ama H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k d\u00fcnyas\u0131 i\u00e7in, \u0130slam\u2019da Muhammed\u2019in vekilli\u011finin (halifeli\u011fin) o\u011flu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in k\u0131z\u0131 Fatma kanal\u0131yla Ali\u2019ye ge\u00e7mesinin gerekip gerekmedi\u011fi tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 S\u00fcnni- Alevi b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi (ya da b\u00f6l\u00fcnmenin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fma) benzeri bir \u00f6neme sahiptir. (6)<\/p>\n

Melekler ve \u015eeytanlar<\/em> yap\u0131t\u0131nda Katolik kilisesi hakk\u0131nda ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen savlar da daha \u00e7ok H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilgilendirir. Ama onun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Katolik kilisesi (Papal\u0131k) ile \u0130lluminati ad\u0131nda gizli bilginler derne\u011finin s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmesi dolay\u0131m\u0131yla i\u015flenen din-bilim ili\u015fkisi M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00fclkeleri ve toplumumuzun okuryazarlar\u0131n\u0131 da ilgilendirecektir. Bu nedenle daha fazla Dan Brown\u2019\u0131n bu yap\u0131t\u0131 \u00fczerinde durulacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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Kurgu: CERN-Vatikan \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 m\u0131?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Melekler ve \u015eeytanlar<\/em> yap\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n kurgusu \u00f6zetle \u015f\u00f6yledir. \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019deki CERN (Avrupa N\u00fckleer Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi) y\u00f6neticisi bir gece yar\u0131s\u0131 ABD Harward \u00dcniversitesi din tarihi profes\u00f6r\u00fc ve dinsel simgeler uzman\u0131 olan ki\u015fiyi arar. Kendisinden, hem din adam\u0131 hem fizik bilgini olan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmeden \u00f6nce g\u00f6\u011fs\u00fcne k\u0131zg\u0131n metal damgayla bas\u0131lan \u015feklin anlam\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesinde yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131 ister. Langdon \u015feklin \u201c\u0130lluminati\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc oldu\u011funu okuyunca inanamaz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc s\u00f6z konusu \u015fekil, R\u00f6nesans d\u00f6neminde, Katolik kilisesi taraf\u0131ndan, bulu\u015flar\u0131 ve kuramlar\u0131 H\u0131ristiyan inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 sarsar diye kovu\u015fturulan bilimcilerin kurdu\u011fu gizli derne\u011fin ad\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak \u0130lluminati\u2019nin, son yar\u0131m y\u00fczy\u0131ld\u0131r hi\u00e7bir etkinli\u011finden s\u00f6z edilmeyi\u015fine bak\u0131larak tarihe kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. (7) \u00d6yleyse bu i\u015fi yapanlar kim?<\/p>\n

\u00c7ok ge\u00e7meden, dinci-fizik\u00e7inin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesiyle yetinilmeyip onun (CERN\u2019in ba\u015fkan\u0131ndan bile gizleyerek) \u00fcretti\u011fi kar\u015f\u0131madde kutusunun da \u00e7al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131nan kar\u015f\u0131madde, maddeyle en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck dokunu\u015funda Vatikan saray\u0131n\u0131, geride derin bir \u00e7ukur a\u00e7arak yok edebilecek kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir enerjiyi a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karacakt\u0131r. Maddeyle birle\u015fmesini engelleyen d\u00fczenek ise, t\u00fcm \u00e7eperlerine d\u00f6\u015fenen manyetik alan yarat\u0131c\u0131 elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n (m\u0131knat\u0131slar\u0131n) \u00e7eyrek graml\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131maddeyi kutunun ortas\u0131nda ask\u0131da tutmas\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak, \u00e7al\u0131n\u0131rken fi\u015finden \u00e7ekilen kutuda, bir g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemi olarak yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f yedek batarya 24 saatliktir. Fi\u015ften \u00e7ekilir \u00e7ekilmez geri say\u0131m ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lgililerin elinde, kutunun bulunup yeniden fi\u015fe tak\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in 24 saat vard\u0131r. T\u00fcm olaylar 575 sayfa boyunca bu 24 saat i\u00e7inde geli\u015fip sonu\u00e7lanacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Dinci- fizik\u00e7inin (papazken) evlatl\u0131k edindi\u011fi k\u0131z\u0131 da CERN\u2019de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve kar\u015f\u0131maddenin \u00fcretilmesinde yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan bir bilgindir. Babas\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131maddeyi bilimin Tanr\u0131 ile insan aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011f\u0131 kuraca\u011f\u0131 inanc\u0131yla \u00fcretti\u011fini s\u00f6yler. \u00c7al\u0131nan kar\u015f\u0131maddenin Vatikan\u2019a g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen bilginin k\u0131z\u0131 ve profes\u00f6r, CERN\u2019in sesten 15 kat h\u0131zl\u0131 (15 Mach) u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131yla Vatikan\u2019a yollan\u0131r. O s\u0131rada Papa \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f ve kardinaller yeni papay\u0131 se\u00e7meleri i\u00e7in \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak, papa aday\u0131 d\u00f6rt kardinalin de kar\u015f\u0131maddeyi \u00e7alan, \u0130lluminati ba\u015fkan\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan (ve H\u0131ristiyanlardan Ha\u00e7l\u0131 ak\u0131nlar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fckleri \u0130slamlar\u0131n \u00f6c\u00fcn\u00fc almak i\u00e7in yan\u0131p tutu\u015fan) bir Ortado\u011fulu suikast\u00e7\u0131 Ha\u015fha\u015fiyyun (8) taraf\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Hem kar\u015f\u0131maddenin hem kardinallerin aranmalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda kardinaller bir bir \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir. Son saate girildi\u011finde, yeni papa se\u00e7ilene dek i\u015flere bakan Papal\u0131k k\u00e2hyas\u0131, o zamana dek y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc aramalara do\u011frudan kat\u0131l\u0131r. Kar\u015f\u0131maddeyi St. Petrus\u2019un mezar\u0131 \u00fczerinde bulur. Yerini kendisine g\u00f6r\u00fcnen Tanr\u0131n\u0131n bildirdi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrmektedir.<\/p>\n

Asl\u0131nda ortal\u0131kta \u0130lluminati diye bir \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Ha\u015fha\u015fiyyun\u2019u k\u00e2hyan\u0131n kiralad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Evlatl\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu Papay\u0131 da onun zehirledi\u011fi, \u00f6teki adaylar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrt\u00fcp, kutuyu bulmas\u0131n\u0131n ve Vatikan\u2019\u0131 kurtarmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc olarak papa se\u00e7ilmeyi planlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n

K\u00e2hya kar\u015f\u0131maddeyi helikopterle Vatikan\u2019\u0131n \u00fczerinde olabildi\u011fince y\u00fckse\u011fe \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131ktan sonra para\u015f\u00fctle atlar. Bir kahraman olarak Vatikan\u2019a iner. Kar\u015f\u0131madde, 24 saat dolunca havada patlar. K\u00e2hya tam papa se\u00e7ilecekken, Vatikan\u2019a gelen CERN ba\u015fkan\u0131, yan\u0131nda, dinci-fizik\u00e7inin bulu\u015funun ahlaka uygun olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar verebilmek, ona g\u00f6re a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131p a\u00e7\u0131klamamaya karar vermek \u00fczere Papa\u2019yla ve k\u00e2hyas\u0131yla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgisini ve belgesini getirmi\u015ftir. Bu durumda, Papa da \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne g\u00f6re, kar\u015f\u0131maddenin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan (evlatl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ba\u015fka) haberli tek ki\u015finin, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla onu \u00e7ald\u0131ran\u0131n k\u00e2hya oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n

Son perdede, k\u00e2hyan\u0131n, ter\u00f6rc\u00fc bir sald\u0131r\u0131da \u00f6len kad\u0131n\u0131n o\u011flu olup, papa olacak papaz taraf\u0131ndan evlatl\u0131k edinilip yeti\u015ftirildi\u011fi anlat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

K\u00e2hya, babas\u0131 kadar sevdi\u011fi Papa\u2019n\u0131n bir \u00e7ocu\u011fu oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frenince, \u201cTanr\u0131\u2019ya verdi\u011fi bek\u00e2rl\u0131k s\u00f6z\u00fc\u201dne ihanet etti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle d\u00fcnyas\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131p onu \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. En ya\u015fl\u0131 kardinal k\u00e2hyaya Papa\u2019n\u0131n bir \u00e7ocu\u011fu oldu\u011funu do\u011frular. Hatta bu \u00e7ocu\u011fun kendisi oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klar. Ama s\u00f6yledi\u011fine g\u00f6re Papa yine de g\u00fcnah i\u015flememi\u015ftir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7ocu\u011fu \u00e2\u015f\u0131k oldu\u011fu bir rahibeden cinsel ili\u015fkiye girmeden yapay d\u00f6llenme (t\u00fcp bebek-IVF) yoluyla edinmi\u015ftir. Bu y\u00fczden, \u00f6lmeden \u00f6nce kendisine bu olana\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flayan bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara (CERN\u2019e) para yard\u0131m\u0131yla borcunu \u00f6demek istemi\u015ftir. Bunu da k\u00e2hyas\u0131na s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir. K\u00e2hya ise H\u0131ristiyan ahlak akidesini bilimin (dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bilimcinin) de\u011fil kilisenin (dolay\u0131s\u0131yla din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n) saptayaca\u011f\u0131 inanc\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden kar\u015f\u0131maddenin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan rahats\u0131z olmu\u015ftur. Bu g\u00fcc\u00fc bilginlerin elinden al\u0131p yok etme plan\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcne g\u00f6z\u00fcne bula\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frendi\u011finde b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcye kap\u0131lan k\u00e2hya dinci, kendini Vatikan\u2019\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatan kandillerin kokulu ya\u011f\u0131yla \u0131slat\u0131p yakar.<\/p>\n

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TARTI\u015eMALAR: D\u0130NC\u0130LER \u0130LE B\u0130L\u0130MC\u0130LER ARASINDA<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dan Brown, Melekler ve \u015eeytanlar<\/em> gerilim (\u0130ng. thriller<\/em>) roman\u0131na iyilik g\u00fc\u00e7leri ile k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin s\u00f6zc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yapan kahramanlar yerle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Melekler aras\u0131nda Harvard\u2019l\u0131 dinsel simgebilim profes\u00f6r\u00fc, CERN bilimcileri, Papa ve baz\u0131 kardinaller bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u015eeytan\u0131, Ortado\u011fulu kiral\u0131k katil bir Ha\u015fha\u015fiyyun temsil etmektedir. \u0130yilik yapma yolunda duydu\u011fu b\u00fcy\u00fck tutkunun etkisiyle \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckler yapan Papal\u0131k k\u00e2hyas\u0131 da \u201c\u015fer g\u00fc\u00e7leri\u201d aras\u0131na konabilir. \u0130lk b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerde ku\u015fkular\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00e7eken (ge\u00e7mi\u015fin ayd\u0131nlar\u0131ndan ve bilimcilerinden olu\u015fan) \u0130lluminati ad\u0131 paravan olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, kamplardan hi\u00e7birine konamaz.<\/p>\n

Yazar gerilim roman\u0131n\u0131, i\u015flenen cinayetler yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n \u015fiddetiyle daha da germek istemi\u015ftir. Bu ama\u00e7la haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 diyaloglarda, \u00fcniversite, Vatikan ile CERN gibi kurumlardan olduklar\u0131 belirtilen din bilginlerini ve do\u011fa bilimcilerini g\u00f6revlendirmi\u015ftir. Bu kimseler (yazar\u0131n tasla\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6yle s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131p s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmeden) bilimin savunucular\u0131, dinin savunucular\u0131 ve \u201carabulucular\u201d olarak grupland\u0131r\u0131labilir. Asl\u0131nda Brown, tarihteki ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki din-bilim s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmesinde ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri dengeli, oranl\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde dillendirmek istemi\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. Bu durumda onlar\u0131 savunan ki\u015fileri belirtmekten \u00e7ok, \u201cbilimcilerin savlar\u0131\u201d, \u201cdincilerin savlar\u0131\u201d ve \u201cdin ile bilimi uzla\u015ft\u0131rma \u00e7abas\u0131\u201d olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131p \u00f6zetlemek daha uygun olacak.<\/p>\n

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Bilimcilerin savlar\u0131<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Dinsel kurumlarla bilim kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n, din adamlar\u0131yla bilimcilerin aras\u0131nda ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7tan beri g\u00f6r\u00fclen kavgan\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc birka\u00e7 yerde belirtiliyor. Bilimden yana, dine kar\u015f\u0131 savlar\u0131 daha \u00e7ok, yazarca CERN ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na atanm\u0131\u015f olan ki\u015fi dile getiriyor. Ama onun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleriyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 tutulmayan s\u00f6z konusu savlar \u00f6zetle \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralanabilir:<\/p>\n

Bir zamanlar t\u00fcm sorunlar tinsel (ruhani) idi. Bilimin a\u00e7\u0131klayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bo\u015fluklar\u0131n doldurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in dine ba\u015fvuruldu. \u00d6rne\u011fin yersars\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n tanr\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6fkesinin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylendi. Bilim art\u0131k bu tanr\u0131lar\u0131n birer put (idol) oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlam\u0131\u015f bulunuyor. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde insan\u0131n akl\u0131na tak\u0131lan hemen her soruya yan\u0131t verebiliyor. Geriye birka\u00e7 soru kald\u0131: Nerden geldik? Burada ne yap\u0131yoruz? Ya\u015fam\u0131n ve evrenin anlam\u0131 ne?<\/p>\n

Kilise art\u0131k bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131 yakm\u0131yor olabilir. Ama bilim-din sava\u015f\u0131 bug\u00fcn de s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Bunun g\u00f6stergesi, ABD\u2019deki okullar\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131nda evrimin \u00f6\u011fretilmesine izin verilmemesi. Harvard \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde ba\u015flat\u0131lan (CERN benzeri) d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc par\u00e7ac\u0131k \u00e7arp\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 projesinin iki milyar dolar yat\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, \u201ckahrolas\u0131 \u0130ncil<\/em> ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131s\u0131\u201d H\u0131ristiyan koalisyonu \u00e7abalar\u0131yla Senato\u2019da \u00e7\u00f6p sepetine at\u0131lmas\u0131.<\/p>\n

CERN gibi bilim kurumlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde bile dinsel inan\u00e7lar\u0131 desteklemek i\u00e7in analitik fizikten yararlanmaya kalkanlar var. Bilim ile Tanr\u0131y\u0131 bir araya getirme \u00e7abalar\u0131 var. Bunlar bilime ihanettir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc yoktan yaratma (bilimin \u201chi\u00e7bir \u015fey yoktan var, vardan yok olmaz\u201d ilkesi uyar\u0131nca) \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f fizi\u011fin kurallar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. Bu bak\u0131mdan (Kitab\u0131 Mukaddes<\/em>\u2019in ilk b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131, do\u011fay\u0131, canl\u0131lar\u0131 ve insan\u0131 yarat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131) \u201cTekvin\u201d, bilimsel a\u00e7\u0131dan sa\u00e7mad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ger\u00e7ekten, s\u00f6ylendi\u011fi gibi \u201cg\u00fcc\u00fc her \u015feye yeten (kadiri mutlak) ve insanlar\u0131n iyili\u011fini isteyen (hay\u0131rhah) bir yarat\u0131c\u0131 varsa, neden d\u00fcnyadaki t\u00fcm bu ac\u0131lar\u0131 (a\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131, sava\u015flar\u0131, hastal\u0131klar\u0131) \u00f6nlemiyor, \u00f6nleyemiyor?<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte kilise, ha\u00e7l\u0131 ak\u0131nlar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda binlerce M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrtm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Kilisenin yerodakl\u0131 kuram\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi daha do\u011fru yans\u0131tan g\u00f6kodakl\u0131 kuram\u0131 geli\u015ftiren g\u00f6kbilimci Copernicus\u2019u \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 1688\u2019de d\u00f6rt \u0130lluminati \u00fcyesi bilgini, g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcslerine k\u0131zg\u0131n demirle ha\u00e7 i\u015fareti damgalad\u0131ktan sonra, \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcp (ibret olsun diye) Roma sokaklar\u0131na atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Dine, Tanr\u0131ya, tanr\u0131n\u0131n mucizelerine inanan anababalar (ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131, bir kad\u0131n\u0131n yumu\u015fak tenine dokunamadan tekerlekli sandalyede t\u00fcketmek zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131lan CERN ba\u015fkan\u0131na y\u00fcklenen \u00f6rnekle) bilime (doktora, ilaca) ba\u015fvurmak yerine, Tanr\u0131dan bir mucize ve \u015fifa beklemeleri sonucu kim bilir ka\u00e7 \u00e7ocu\u011fun gelece\u011fini karartm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Vatikan\u2019\u0131n mide buland\u0131ran vars\u0131ll\u0131klar\u0131, biriktirilmesi yerine bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda kullan\u0131lsayd\u0131 (\u00d6rne\u011fin Vatikan Belvedere Avlusu\u2019ndaki alt\u0131n kaplama bir y\u0131ll\u0131k kanser ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n giderlerini kar\u015f\u0131layarak) bilimin geli\u015fmesine b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131lar sa\u011flard\u0131.<\/p>\n

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Dincilerin savlar\u0131<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck Patlama\u201d kuram\u0131 (Edwin Hubble\u2019dan iki y\u0131l \u00f6nce) bir papaz olan Georges Lamaitre (dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kilise) taraf\u0131ndan (1927\u2019de) ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bilimin onunla ilgili a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131nda, zaman\u0131n s\u0131f\u0131r noktas\u0131na gelinip durulmaktad\u0131r. Patlama \u00f6ncesinde ne oldu\u011fu, patlaman\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131klanamamaktad\u0131r. Burada doyurucu a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131, onun Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bir yarat\u0131\u015f eylemi oldu\u011funu (ve bu eylemin Kitab\u0131 Mukaddes<\/em>\u2019in ba\u015f\u0131ndaki yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f betimlemesine uydu\u011funu) s\u00f6yleyerek dinciler yapmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Her \u015feye g\u00fcc\u00fc yeten ve iyi kalpli tanr\u0131n\u0131n (yukar\u0131da sorulan soruya yan\u0131t olarak) d\u00fcnyadaki ac\u0131lara ve k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklere kar\u0131\u015fmamas\u0131n\u0131n nedenini, din savunucusu (nedense \u201chesab\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6te d\u00fcnyada soracak\u201d demeyip) baba-o\u011ful ili\u015fkisi \u00f6rne\u011finden giderek, \u201cinsana ya\u015famdan kendisinin ders \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131na f\u0131rsat verilmesi\u201d ile a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor (bu \u00e7ok ac\u0131mas\u0131z, \u00e7ok pahal\u0131 bir ders \u00fccreti olmaz m\u0131 diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsan\u0131z, buna verilecek yan\u0131t da haz\u0131r). \u0130nsan akl\u0131 Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n baz\u0131 i\u015flerinin nedenini kavrayabilecek g\u00fc\u00e7te de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Dincilerin s\u00f6yledikleri bu t\u00fcr birka\u00e7 savunma d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda (en iyi savunma sald\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131yla olacak) savlar\u0131 \u00e7o\u011funlukla bilime sald\u0131r\u0131lardan olu\u015fuyor. Daha \u00e7ok yeni papa se\u00e7ilene kadar Vatikan i\u015flerini y\u00fcr\u00fcten papa k\u00e2hyas\u0131na (\u201cCamerlengo\u201d denen din adam\u0131na) s\u00f6ylettirilen g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler \u015f\u00f6yle:<\/p>\n

Gazeteler her g\u00fcn bilimin mucizelerini duyuruyor. Din-bilim kavgas\u0131n\u0131 bilim kazanmak \u00fczere. Bilim, yeni tanr\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Buna izleyici kal\u0131namaz. \u0130nsanlar\u0131 yeniden dine, Tanr\u0131ya d\u00f6nd\u00fcrmenin bir yolunu bulmal\u0131; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bilim, onu kullanan\u0131n ruhuna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, ya\u015fatabildi\u011fi gibi \u00f6ld\u00fcrebiliyor. Bunun nedeni, bilimin, g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc insanlar\u0131n iyili\u011fine kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak bir rehbere (ahlaka) sahip olmamas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden bilim insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kurtar\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olamaz, onu bat\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bilimin kutsal sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 hi\u00e7bir \u015fey yoktur. \u00d6rne\u011fin fet\u00fcsleri (\u201cbir deney faresi gibi\u201d diyebiliriz) kullanmaktad\u0131r. A\u00e7\u0131klamad\u0131\u011f\u0131m bir \u015fey b\u0131rakmayaca\u011f\u0131m derken, \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcze gizemsiz bir d\u00fcnya sunmaktad\u0131r. \u0130nsanlarda tinsel bir bo\u015fluk yaratmaktad\u0131r. Bizden daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir varl\u0131\u011fa g\u00fcvenimizi yitirdi\u011fimizde sorumluluk duygumuz da yok olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bilim tanr\u0131 yerine konulmak isteniyor. Bu yolda insan\u0131n kendi genleriyle oynamaya, kendi DNA\u2019m\u0131z\u0131 yeniden dizmeye kalkmas\u0131na (biyoteknoloji kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 dincilerin kavram\u0131yla s\u00f6ylenirse \u201ctanr\u0131 rol\u00fc oynama\u201d giri\u015fimine) izleyici kal\u0131namaz. (9)<\/p>\n

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Din ile bilimi uzla\u015ft\u0131rma \u00e7abas\u0131\u00a0 <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Kitapta, din ile bilim aras\u0131nda (nostaljik sol terminoloji kullan\u0131larak denebilir ki) uzla\u015fmaz \u00e7eli\u015fkinin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc savunulmaktad\u0131r. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f, daha \u00e7ok CERN\u2019in fizik\u00e7i bilginleri olduklar\u0131 s\u00f6ylenen biri erkek biri kad\u0131n iki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n\u0131n a\u011fz\u0131ndan dile getirilmektedir. Erkek olan\u0131 papaz ge\u00e7mi\u015fli, kad\u0131n (anla\u015f\u0131lan) feministtir. Ortak yanlar\u0131, din ile bilimin birbirlerini tamamlayacaklar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleridir. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, bu ama\u00e7lar\u0131na hizmet edece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcklerini \u201ckar\u015f\u0131madde\u201d \u00fcretmeye kalkm\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131d\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri ve \u00e7abalar\u0131 ilgin\u00e7:<\/p>\n

Tanr\u0131y\u0131 araman\u0131n bir yolu dinden ge\u00e7iyorsa bir yolu da laboratuvardan (yani bilimden) ge\u00e7mektedir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc fizik bize tanr\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fa yasalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. \u00c7evremizi saran do\u011fan\u0131n d\u00fczeyinde tanr\u0131n\u0131n (yarat\u0131c\u0131) el yaz\u0131s\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Bu bak\u0131mdan, \u00e7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ku\u015fkucu insan\u0131na, bilim yoluyla tanr\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kan\u0131tlanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Roman\u0131n kahramanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u201cYeni Fizik\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 verdikleri bu ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, bilim ile dini kayna\u015ft\u0131racakt\u0131r. Kahramanlar, onun bir dal\u0131 oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lan \u201cba\u011flant\u0131 fizi\u011fi\u201d dedikleri alanda, b\u00fct\u00fcn insanlar\u0131 birle\u015ftiren yeni bir enerji g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131 (Burada Daniken\u2019in parapsikolojik inan\u00e7lar\u0131yla birle\u015filmektedir). Bunun anlam\u0131, bir insan\u0131n molek\u00fcllerinin, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olmay\u0131p, \u00f6teki insanlar\u0131n molek\u00fclleriyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 bulunmas\u0131d\u0131r. Yaln\u0131z insanlar\u0131n de\u011fil \u00f6teki canl\u0131lar\u0131n da b\u00f6yle ba\u011flant\u0131 i\u00e7inde birlik olu\u015fturduklar\u0131 (bir s\u00fcr\u00fc denizanas\u0131n\u0131n, tek bir beyne sahipmi\u015f gibi, yetkin bir ritim ile ayn\u0131 anda a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131p kapanmalar\u0131ndan da) anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Bunun anlam\u0131 ise, Tanr\u0131 ile insan aras\u0131nda tanr\u0131sal bir ileti\u015fimin bulunaca\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Dahas\u0131, Tanr\u0131 g\u00f6kte aranmamal\u0131d\u0131r (\u201c\u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc orada bulunam\u0131yordu\u201d diye ekleyelim); fakat insan\u0131n i\u00e7inde aranmal\u0131yd\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Tanr\u0131 sinir sistemimizin n\u00f6ronlar\u0131n\u0131n bile\u015fimlerinde ve kalplerimizde akan enerji idi. B\u00f6yle bir kuram, kap\u0131y\u0131 (okuyucunun da g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7\u0131rmam\u0131\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131 gibi), panteizmden enel hak\u2019\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011fa, metafizikten parapsikolojiye, telepatiden sallapatiye dek \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere (aralamak \u015f\u00f6yle dursun) ard\u0131na kadar a\u00e7acakt\u0131. Ortada Daniken\u2019in aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cLayce Olay\u0131\u201d benzeri bir durum var. O zaman, \u201cYeni Fizik\u201d denen \u015feyin, enerji giydirilmi\u015f eski metafizik oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/p>\n

Din ile bilimi birle\u015ftirece\u011fi s\u00f6ylenen bir ba\u015fka bulu\u015f (belki de ayn\u0131 bulu\u015fun ba\u015fka ad\u0131) maddesel niteli\u011fi olmayan \u201cZ par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d (hem par\u00e7ac\u0131k hem de maddesiz olandan s\u00f6z etmek biraz \u00e7eli\u015fki olmaz m\u0131?). Bu, \u0131\u015f\u0131k fotonu de\u011fil salt \u0131\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r. Maddesiz bir \u0131\u015f\u0131k bulundu\u011funa g\u00f6re maddesiz bir yarat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kim kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kabilir ki?<\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131 konuda bir ba\u015fka \u201cbilimsel\u201d kan\u0131t, enerjinin maddeye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesidir. B\u00fcy\u00fck Patlama\u2019da oldu\u011fu gibi Kitab\u0131 Mukaddes<\/em>\u2019te anlat\u0131lan Yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u2019ta belirtilen de budur. Hat\u0131rlay\u0131n\u0131z Rab ne buyurdu: \u00d6nce \u201c\u0131\u015f\u0131k\u201d olsun. (10) \u00d6nce \u0131\u015f\u0131k oldu, maddesel varl\u0131klar sonra geldi. \u00d6yle ki, varl\u0131klar\u0131n varolu\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131 bile evrim (bilim) kuram\u0131na g\u00f6redir: Cans\u0131z maddeler, bitkiler, hayvanlar ve en sonunda insan (\u201cama bunlar 6 g\u00fcnde \u00fcstelik yetkin bi\u00e7imleriyle g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015fler\u201d diyorsan\u0131z, o kadar kusur kad\u0131 k\u0131z\u0131nda da bulunur). \u00dcstelik varl\u0131klar\u0131n (Adem ile Havva gibi) \u00e7ift \u00e7ift yarat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 de\u011fil mi? Fizik de ayn\u0131 \u015feyi, evrende varl\u0131klar\u0131n ikiz bulunduklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. \u00d6yle ki, madde varsa bir de ikizi kar\u015f\u0131madde kesinlikle bulunacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Roman\u0131n din ile bilimin uzla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren kahramanlar\u0131, CERN laboratuvarlar\u0131nda (gizlice) kar\u015f\u0131madde yarat\u0131p \u00fcretme i\u015fine giri\u015fmi\u015f ve bunda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Dahas\u0131, kar\u015f\u0131maddeyi madde ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p ikisinin de bir patlama ile yok olduklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015fler. Kendi s\u00f6zleriyle k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir b\u00fcy\u00fck patlama yaratm\u0131\u015flar. Bu bulu\u015flar\u0131 kendilerine tanr\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlama olana\u011f\u0131 verecektir. Kar\u015f\u0131madde denen (ger\u00e7ekte ancak 9 antihidrojen atomu 40 nano saniye s\u00fcre i\u00e7in tutulabilmi\u015fken (11), kahramanlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n milyonlarcas\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcretip g\u00fcnlerce tutabildikleri) yine madde olan element, elektrik y\u00fcklerinin maddeninkinin tersi olmas\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda maddenin ikizi yap\u0131dad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, madde ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir enerjinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131yla ikisi de yok olmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6yleyse eski fizi\u011fi at\u0131p, yeni fizi\u011fi alal\u0131m: \u201cYoktan var vardan yok olabilir\u201d. Yoktan var edip yaratan tanr\u0131 kavram\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na art\u0131k kim \u00e7\u0131kabilir, bilimsel yoldan kan\u0131tlad\u0131ktan sonra. \u201cKar\u015f\u0131maddenin tinsel uyan\u0131\u015fa yol a\u00e7\u0131p insanlar\u0131 yeniden tanr\u0131ya, dine \u00e7ekmesini\u201d ummalar\u0131 bo\u015funa de\u011fil. Ancak burada ele\u015ftirel ak\u0131l, kahraman\u0131n asl\u0131nda \u201cd\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fme\u201d olan olaylar\u0131n, roman\u0131n kahramanlar\u0131nca okuyucuya bilerek ya da bilmeden \u201cvar olman yok olma\u201d bi\u00e7iminde yutturulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na parmak basmadan rahat edemeyecektir.<\/p>\n

Uzla\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131larca geli\u015ftirilen savlar, bu umudun dile getirilip, din ile bilimin uzla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 sat\u0131rlarla tamamlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Dan Brown\u2019un yap\u0131t\u0131ndaki savlara, daha do\u011frusu yap\u0131t\u0131nda dile getirilen savlara, yar\u0131 \u015faka yar\u0131 ciddi ele\u015ftiriler y\u00f6nelttim. Son olarak y\u00f6neltilen ve y\u00f6neltilebilecek ortak ve ayr\u0131 ele\u015ftirilere ge\u00e7iyorum.<\/p>\n

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DAN\u0130KEN VE DAN BROWN ELE\u015eT\u0130R\u0130LER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

Daniken\u2019in yap\u0131tlar\u0131 (k\u0131sa yaz\u0131lar bir yana) yaln\u0131zca \u0130ngilizce\u2019de 1972-1979 aras\u0131nda alt\u0131 kitab\u0131 dolduracak (olumsuz) ele\u015ftiri alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. O g\u00fcnlerde T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019de de \u0130slamc\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131dan bir ele\u015ftiri kitap\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sat\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 an\u0131ms\u0131yorum. Dan Brown ele\u015ftirileri Daniken\u2019inkini a\u015facak gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Yine de her iki yazar\u0131n yap\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcz milyonlara yakla\u015fan sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ve ona oranl\u0131 etkileri yan\u0131nda devede kulak kalacak. Bunun nedenlerinden biri \u201ca\u011f\u0131rba\u015fl\u0131\u201d bilimsel \u00e7evrelerin \u00e7o\u011funlukla Daniken\u2019i \u201cu\u00e7uk\u201d Dan Brown\u2019un yap\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 ise ilgi alanlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u201cgerilim roman\u0131\u201d g\u00f6rerek, ele\u015ftirilmeye de\u011fer bulmamas\u0131. Onlar\u0131 ele\u015ftiriye de\u011fer bulanlar ise \u00e7oklukla (ele\u015ftirileri bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n oda\u011f\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131mayan) dinci \u00e7evrelerden \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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U\u00e7uk kuramlar<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Her iki yazar\u0131n savlar\u0131 bilimsel yaz\u0131nda, \u201ck\u0131y\u0131da k\u00f6\u015fede kalm\u0131\u015f\u201d anlam\u0131nda \u201ckar\u015f\u0131 kuram\u201d (\u0130ng. \u201cfringe theory<\/em>\u201d) ya da \u201ckar\u015f\u0131 tarih\u201d (\u0130ng. \u201cfringe history<\/em>\u201d) veya \u201ckar\u015f\u0131 arkeoloji\u201d olarak \u00e7e\u015fitli adland\u0131rmalar\u0131 yap\u0131lan bilgi t\u00fcr\u00fc aras\u0131na sokulmaktad\u0131r. Kimi ele\u015ftirmenler ise onlar\u0131, \u00e7e\u015fitli bilgi kategorileri aras\u0131 s\u0131rad\u00fczenini yads\u0131y\u0131p e\u015fde\u011fer g\u00f6ren postmodernist ak\u0131m\u0131n erken ve ge\u00e7 \u00f6rnekleri olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcp, \u201cpostmodernist tarih\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00f6rnek g\u00f6stermektedir. Daniken ile Dan Brown\u2019un savlar\u0131n\u0131 \u201csahtebilim\u201d (\u0130ng. \u201cpseudo-science<\/em>\u201d) sayanlar da vard\u0131r. (12)<\/p>\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin, American Association for the Advancament of Science (Amerikan Bilimi Geli\u015ftirme Derne\u011fi) dergisi olan Science<\/em> i\u00e7indeki ba\u015fyaz\u0131da R. Story (1976\u2019da) Daniken gibi \u201csahtebilim\u201d yay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ciddiye almayarak edilgen durmak yerine, halka yayd\u0131klar\u0131 zehirlerin etkisini azaltacak panzehirler haz\u0131rlamalar\u0131n\u0131 istemi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Story\u2019nin bu konudaki The space gods rovealed<\/em> adl\u0131, \u201cA close look at the theories of Erich von Daniken\u201d (Daniken\u2019in kuram\u0131na yak\u0131n takip) alt ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yap\u0131t\u0131na yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ns\u00f6zde \u00fcnl\u00fc pop\u00fcler bilim yazar\u0131 Carl Sagan, yaln\u0131z Daniken\u2019e de\u011fil, toplumda ak\u0131l almaz savlar yayan \u00f6teki yazarlar tak\u0131m\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u201cd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel panzehir\u201d sa\u011flayacak yaz\u0131lar\u0131n bir \u201ctoplumsal hizmet\u201d olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015fti. B\u00f6ylece Tanr\u0131lar\u0131n Arabalar\u0131<\/em> i\u00e7inde kendisinden uzaydan d\u00fcnyam\u0131za u\u011frayan (tanr\u0131 san\u0131lan) ak\u0131ll\u0131 canl\u0131larla ilgili sav\u0131n\u0131 destekleme yolunda (uzayda ak\u0131ll\u0131 ya\u015fam olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerine g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini aktararak) yararlanan Daniken\u2019e yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015f oluyordu.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Daniken\u2019e y\u00f6neltilen sert ele\u015ftiriler aras\u0131nda \u201cbilim d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d, \u201cbilimsel h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k\u201d (intihal) da var. Ayr\u0131ca, Sagan\u2019\u0131n dedi\u011fine g\u00f6re, Daniken\u2019in yap\u0131tlar\u0131 (1970\u2019lerde) \u00fcniversitelerde tarih ve mant\u0131k (metodoloji) derslerinde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak \u201ck\u00f6t\u00fc \u00f6rnekler\u201d olarak!<\/p>\n

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    Din-bilim sentezi \u00fczerine s\u0131n\u0131fsal \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleme<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

    Daniken\u2019in ve Dan Brown\u2019un o ya da \u015fu mezhepten olmalar\u0131, dinden yana g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcp g\u00f6r\u00fcnmemeleri, tanr\u0131ya inan\u0131p inanmamalar\u0131, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f toplumun sorunlar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemsiz bir ayr\u0131nt\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dczerinde durmaya de\u011fmez. Yap\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n hangi toplumsal ko\u015fullarda ne t\u00fcr etkiler yapabilece\u011fi daha \u00f6nemlidir. On milyonlarla dile getirilen sat\u0131\u015f rekorlar\u0131, pazar ekonomisinin kitlesel, hatta k\u00fcresel \u00e7apta \u00fcretim ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc \u00e7arklar\u0131na bir bi\u00e7imde tak\u0131labildiklerini g\u00f6sterir. Tak\u0131lm\u0131\u015flarsa bu, dolab\u0131 onlarla birlikte d\u00f6nd\u00fcrd\u00fckleri anlam\u0131na gelir. Ancak, toplumsal etkilerinin ekonomik boyutundan \u00e7ok g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ideolojik i\u015flev, bize onlar\u0131n toplumsal, s\u0131n\u0131fsal bilinci ne y\u00f6nde ve ne \u00e7apta etkiledi\u011fini g\u00f6sterebilir.<\/p>\n

    Her iki yazar\u0131n yap\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n ideolojik sava\u015f\u0131m alan\u0131ndaki etkileri konusunda belirtilmesi gereken ilk nokta, ne \u00f6yk\u00fclerinde ne de dile getirilen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerde emek davas\u0131na, emek sorunlar\u0131na de\u011finmi\u015f olmalar\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130kinci nokta, okumaya, bilin\u00e7lenmeye; bilimsel, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel birikime zaten \u00e7ok az zaman ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel emek ayr\u0131lan \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f toplumda, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir savurganl\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7malar\u0131d\u0131r. Bu yolda daha nicelikli \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin \u00fcretilip t\u00fcketilme damarlar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0131kamalar\u0131d\u0131r. Bilimsellik havas\u0131 verilen yap\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n \u201csahte bilimsel\u201d niteli\u011fiyle, bilimsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fe zarar vermeleridir. \u0130\u015fte bu noktada, bilimsel ve toplumsal ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi \u00f6rterek, \u00e7arp\u0131tarak, sapt\u0131rarak, ideolojik sava\u015f\u0131m alan\u0131nda, gerek d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel gerek bedensel eme\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7leri g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmi\u015f olmalar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Ger\u00e7ekten yazarlardan birinin i\u015fledi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler (bilimsel eme\u011fe ve birikime bakmayan, ona birka\u00e7 tu\u011fla katmayan, tersine y\u0131kmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan nitelikleriyle) de\u011fil bilimsel olanla olmayan\u0131 ay\u0131rt edebilecek geni\u015f kitlelerin kafas\u0131nda, yap\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde bile parapsikolojiye, metafizi\u011fe kaym\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6teki yazar\u0131n da bilimsel eme\u011fin niteli\u011fine ve niceli\u011fine yeterince \u00f6nem vermeden, daha \u00e7ok ilgi avc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak se\u00e7ip sundu\u011fu bilgiler ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler, din ile bilimi uzla\u015ft\u0131rma noktas\u0131na varm\u0131\u015f dayanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece, bilincinde olarak olmayarak, tam da burjuva ideolojisinin \u00f6nemli bir takti\u011fini kullanm\u0131\u015f olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Din-bilim uzla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinde uzun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemelere giri\u015fmeyece\u011fim. Bu bir\u00e7ok yaz\u0131da i\u015flenip ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturulmu\u015f bir konudur. Dinin end\u00fcstri \u00f6ncesi katmanl\u0131 toplumun \u201cereksellik\u00e7i\u201d, bilimin ise end\u00fcstri toplumunun \u201cnedensellik\u00e7i\u201d d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f bi\u00e7imi oldu\u011fu yolundaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncemi yinelemekle yetinece\u011fim.<\/p>\n

    Mant\u0131ksal d\u00fczeyde bu iki uzla\u015fmaz d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f bi\u00e7imini bir araya getirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u201cdin-bilim sentezi\u201d diyebilece\u011fimiz d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, tam bir burjuva ideolojisi hegemonik silah\u0131d\u0131r. Neden? End\u00fcstri \u00fcretimi \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda maddi \u00fcretim alan\u0131nda, insan-do\u011fa ili\u015fkilerinde, ereksel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fc kullanmak (\u00f6rne\u011fin bir posta porselenin f\u0131r\u0131ndan en az \u00e7atlakla \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Allah\u2019a dua etmek) \u00e7a\u011fd\u0131\u015f\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 tekellerinde tutan kesimler, bu alanda, hatta ya\u015fam\u0131n \u00f6teki alanlar\u0131nda ve t\u00fcm olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinde bilimsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fc izlemektedir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131, i\u015fleri verilen buyruklara g\u00f6re yerine getirmelerini istedikleri emek\u00e7ilerin bilimsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcp d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmemeleri \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maz.<\/p>\n

    Konu b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm alan\u0131nda insan-insan ili\u015fkilerine gelince, i\u015f de\u011fi\u015fir. Emek\u00e7ilerin bilimsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmesi, \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ranlar\u0131n zarar\u0131na (i\u015f\u00e7ilerin s\u0131n\u0131fsal bilin\u00e7lenmesi yarar\u0131na) i\u015fleyece\u011fi i\u00e7in, kitlelerin dinsel inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeleri (bilinen nedenlerle) \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na uygun olacakt\u0131r. Bu durumda din ile bilimi uzla\u015f\u0131r g\u00f6stermek, egemen s\u0131n\u0131flar i\u00e7in ya\u015famsal bir \u00f6nem kazanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \u0130deoloji, kimilerinin sand\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi egemen s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f bi\u00e7imini ve de\u011ferlerini y\u00f6netilen s\u0131n\u0131flara dayatmas\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130deolojik hegemonya, her s\u0131n\u0131f i\u00e7in e\u015fitsizlik\u00e7i d\u00fczenin \u00e7arklar\u0131n\u0131n olabildi\u011fince g\u0131c\u0131rt\u0131s\u0131z d\u00f6nmesini sa\u011flayacak, onu yeniden \u00fcretecek (farkl\u0131 olabilen) d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerin ve de\u011ferlerin yeniden \u00fcretilmesidir. Y\u00f6neten s\u0131n\u0131flar i\u00e7in bilimsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kesimler i\u00e7in dinsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f \u00fcretimi, egemen s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n gereksinimine cuk oturmaktad\u0131r. Siz bakmay\u0131n egemen s\u0131n\u0131f \u00fcyelerinin dine inan\u0131yor g\u00f6r\u00fcnmelerine. Kararlar\u0131na, davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131na bak\u0131n. Ne oranda dinsel ne oranda bilimsel? Kentin su gereksinimini ya\u011fmur dualar\u0131yla Allah\u2019a m\u0131 havale ediyorlar, profes\u00f6rlere, m\u00fchendislere mi?<\/p>\n

    Bu konuda de\u011finilmesi gereken son bir nokta, mant\u0131ksal d\u00fczeyde uzla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamaz olan iki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f bi\u00e7iminin, ideolojik d\u00fczeyde, hatta pratikte nas\u0131l uzla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labildi\u011fi sorusudur? Mant\u0131ksal tutarl\u0131l\u0131k, ele\u015ftirel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme d\u00fczeyine (o ya da bu nedenle, o ya da bu bi\u00e7imde) ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f kesimlerin tasas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu d\u00fczeye ula\u015fma olana\u011f\u0131 verilmemi\u015f kesimlerin ya da b\u00f6yle bir olana\u011f\u0131 bulamam\u0131\u015f kimselerin tasas\u0131 de\u011fildir mant\u0131ksal tutarl\u0131l\u0131k (ya da i\u00e7 tutarl\u0131l\u0131k) denen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel tutum. Onlar somut olgulara, somut ili\u015fkilere bakar. Onlar i\u00e7in olgusal tutarl\u0131l\u0131k (olgular\u0131n bir aradal\u0131\u011f\u0131) yeterlidir.<\/p>\n

    T\u00fcrk-\u0130slam sentezi \u00f6rne\u011fi an\u0131msan\u0131rsa, ne demek istedi\u011fim daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Kendisine hem \u0130slam hem T\u00fcrk oldu\u011fu mu s\u00f6yleniyor? \u00c7evresinde hem T\u00fcrk hem \u0130slam oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen ve \u00f6yle davranan ki\u015filer mi var? Sorun yok. T\u00fcrkl\u00fck asl\u0131nda \u0131rksal bi\u00e7im alabilen belli bir ulusal, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel kal\u0131t\u0131n, \u0130slaml\u0131k ise \u0131rksal, etnik, ulusal s\u0131n\u0131rlar tan\u0131mayan bir inanc\u0131n ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel birikimin de\u011ferleri ve kavram\u0131ym\u0131\u015f ona ne? Nas\u0131l olsa, \u201cdemokratik\u201d toplumda \u201cetiksiz\u201d kapitalist yar\u0131\u015fma d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda, insanlara d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri ile davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n tutarl\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorulmay\u0131p sorgulanm\u0131yor. \u0130\u015fine gelince \u00f6yle, i\u015fine gelince b\u00f6yle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcp davranabiliyorlar. Bu konuda bir sorunla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmayabiliyorlar. Oluyorsa, kafalardaki ve y\u00fcreklerdeki k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131klar ba\u015fkalar\u0131ndan saklanabiliyor ki g\u00f6rm\u00fcyoruz.<\/p>\n

    K\u0131sacas\u0131, ideolojik sava\u015f\u0131mda T\u00fcrk-\u0130slam sentezinin i\u015flevi neyse din-bilim sentezinin i\u015flevi de odur. Dini bilime dayand\u0131r\u0131yor g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcp onu \u00e7a\u011fda\u015fla\u015ft\u0131rma \u00e7abalar\u0131 ise sonul etkide, tersine din ad\u0131na bilimi (k\u00f6t\u00fcye) kullanan, bilimden \u00e7ok dine hizmet eden (Harun Yahya, Ya\u015far Nuri \u00d6zt\u00fcrk gibi ki\u015filerle \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fen) \u00e7evrelerin davas\u0131na su ta\u015f\u0131maktan ba\u015fka i\u015fe yaramayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    D\u0130PNOTLAR<\/p>\n

    1) (http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Angels-and-Demons<\/a>.) eri\u015fim: 06.01.2009. Sa\u011folsun bu yaz\u0131da yararlan\u0131lan internet kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan Funda Karapehlivan.<\/p>\n

    2) Bkz. Erich von Daniken, Tanr\u0131lar\u0131n Arabalar\u0131, \u00e7ev. Zeki Okar, \u0130stanbul, 1990, Cep Kitaplar\u0131, s.120, 10, 88, 8<\/p>\n

    3) Bkz. Kendi internet sitesi (http:\/\/www.daniken.com\/e\/index.html<\/a>.) eri\u015fim 06.01.2009<\/p>\n

    4) Dan Brown, Melekler ve \u015eeytanlar, \u00e7ev. Petek Demir, \u0130stanbul, 2004, Alt\u0131n Kitaplar, s.8.<\/p>\n

    5) Bkz. (http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DanBrown<\/a>) da aktar\u0131lan dilbilgini Geoffrey Pullum\u2019un yarg\u0131s\u0131. Eri\u015fim: 06.01.2009 Ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131 ilgili \u00f6teki bilgilerde de bu kaynaktan yararlan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    6) Dan Brown, Da Vinci Kodu, \u00e7ev. Petek Demir, \u0130stanbul, 2004, Alt\u0131n Kitaplar.<\/p>\n

    7) \u0130lluminati (ayd\u0131nlar) masonik \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc ve Katolik Kilisesi ile s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmeleri de yap\u0131tta tarihsel ger\u00e7ekli\u011fe yeterince \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterilmeden yans\u0131t\u0131lmakta; bkz. http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Illuminati ve 5. dipnotta g\u00f6sterilen kaynak.<\/p>\n

    8) Ha\u015fhasiyyum yol\u2019u (\u0130smaili Tarikat\u0131) hakk\u0131nda, \u015fehvet d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnl\u00fcklerinden uyu\u015fturucu ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve \u00f6ld\u00fcrmekten sadist\u00e7e haz alan bir siyasal suikastler \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc olu\u015flar\u0131na dek \u00f6nyarg\u0131larla dolu, Bat\u0131l\u0131 oryantalistlerin ve S\u00fcnni tarih\u00e7ilerin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131, tarihsel ger\u00e7ekli\u011fe uymayan imaj Melekler ve \u015eeytanlar yap\u0131t\u0131nda \u201c\u015eeytan\u201d rol\u00fc verilen bir g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Arap Ha\u015fha\u015fiyyunun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve eylemlerinde tazeleniyor. Bu yolda Bat\u0131 dillerinde assassiation (suikast) s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u00f6keninde \u201cha\u015fha\u015f\u201d\u0131n bulundu\u011fu bir kan\u0131t olarak g\u00f6sterilmi\u015f. Tarihsel ger\u00e7eklik i\u00e7in bkz. Farhad Daftary, \u201cIntroduction\u201d, The Assassin Legents: Myths of the Isma\u2019ilis\u2019den The Institute of Ismaili Studies sitesi (http:\/\/www.iss.ac.uk\/view.article.asp<\/a>? ve http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hassan-i.Sabbah<\/a>. eri\u015fim: 22.01.2009<\/p>\n

    9) Brown, Melekler ve \u015eeytanlar, \u00e7e\u015fitli sayfalar\u0131; \u00f6zellikle s.527-560<\/p>\n

    10) Kitab\u0131 Mukaddes, \u0130stanbul, \u00e7e\u015fitli tarihlerdeki bask\u0131lar\u0131, Tekvin, I.3<\/p>\n

    11) Bu tutumuna, \u00f6rnek olarak, en temiz enerji dedi\u011fi kar\u015f\u0131 maddenin, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n gelecekte en \u00e7ok dayanaca\u011f\u0131 kaynak oldu\u011fu yolundaki diyaloglar\u0131n\u0131n, CERN sitesinde, \u00fcretilmesi verece\u011finden fazla enerji gerektirdi\u011fi i\u00e7in belki hi\u00e7bir zaman bu ama\u00e7la kullan\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n verildi\u011fi g\u00f6sterilebilir; bkz. 1. dipnottaki kaynak.<\/p>\n

    12) Benjamin Kelly, \u201cDevient Histories: Dan Brown, Eric von Daniken and the Sociology of Historical polemic\u201d, Rethinking History, 12:3, 361-382 den http:\/\/dx.doi.org<\/a> (eri\u015fim: 06.01.2009. bu yaz\u0131da, yap\u0131bozumcu yakla\u015f\u0131mla Daniken ve Brown ele\u015ftirileri, pozitivist akademik ve Katolik olarak iki grupta toplan\u0131p, gruplar ad\u0131na ve \u201chalk\u0131 koruma sav\u0131yla\u201d yap\u0131lmalar\u0131 ve polemik de\u011feri olan yap\u0131tlar\u0131 se\u00e7meleri nedeniyle ayn\u0131 \u00e7uvala konmakta.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Daniken\u2019in ve Dan Brown\u2019un o ya da \u015fu mezhepten olmalar\u0131, dinden yana g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcp g\u00f6r\u00fcnmemeleri, tanr\u0131ya inan\u0131p inanmamalar\u0131, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f toplumun sorunlar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemsiz bir ayr\u0131nt\u0131d\u0131r. Yap\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n hangi toplumsal ko\u015fullarda ne t\u00fcr etkiler yapabilece\u011fi daha \u00f6nemlidir. On milyonlarla dile getirilen sat\u0131\u015f rekorlar\u0131, pazar ekonomisinin kitlesel, hatta k\u00fcresel \u00e7apta \u00fcretim ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc \u00e7arklar\u0131na bir bi\u00e7imde tak\u0131labildiklerini g\u00f6sterir. Ancak, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":492,"featured_media":9174,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[98,27,38],"tags":[256,238],"class_list":["post-9173","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-60-sayi","category-bilim-kurgu","category-dergi-sayilari","tag-bilim-kurgu","tag-tarih"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t