{"id":9310,"date":"2009-12-01T01:11:50","date_gmt":"2009-11-30T23:11:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.232.216.219\/~bilimvegelecek\/?p=9310"},"modified":"2021-04-03T16:55:10","modified_gmt":"2021-04-03T13:55:10","slug":"proust-bir-sinirbilimciydi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2009\/12\/01\/proust-bir-sinirbilimciydi","title":{"rendered":"Proust Bir Sinirbilimciydi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ele\u015ftirmen bir sanat yap\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 \u2018izlerken\u2019, yorumlarken \u00f6ncelikle sanat\u0131n estetik \u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerini, bu yoldaki belirlenimleri k\u0131lavuz edinir. Bununla yetinmez yap\u0131t\u0131 kuran\u0131n ser\u00fcvenini (ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131) de var olan k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn eklentisi, ona ili\u015ftirilen merak nesnesi haline getirir. Yap\u0131t sahibinin sakl\u0131 \u015feyleri zaman zaman \u00f6z ya\u015fam\u0131 \u00fczerinden de if\u015fa edilerek okuyucunun onda, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yap\u0131t\u0131nda kendisini bulmas\u0131na arac\u0131l\u0131k edilir. Bu bir yan\u0131yla problemli bir yakla\u015f\u0131md\u0131r. \u0130lginin yap\u0131ta de\u011fil de, yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na kayd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ortaya konan i\u015fin ger\u00e7ek anlamda anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, de\u011ferlendirilmesini zorla\u015ft\u0131ran bir m\u00fcdahaleye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Oysa eser ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ktan sonra, yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131yla i\u015fi bitmi\u015ftir.<br \/>\nJonah Lehrer\u2019in \u201cProust Bir Sinirbilimciydi\u201d kitab\u0131 bilinenin aksi bir yolla sanat yap\u0131tlar\u0131nda sakl\u0131 olan ke\u015fiflere y\u00f6nlendiriyor bizi. Yazar, g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerimizi ifade etme yetene\u011fimizin bilim arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla de\u011fil de sanat arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fini iddia ederken, bu s\u00f6ylemi do\u011frulamaya g\u00f6t\u00fcren sanatsal deneyimleri \u00e7\u00f6zerek yap\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 ilerletiyor. Kitaba konu olan isimlerin \u00e7o\u011fu yap\u0131tlar\u0131ndan \u00e7ok ya\u015famlar\u0131 kurcalanan sanat\u00e7\u0131lardan: Walt Whitman, George Eliot, Marcel Proust, Paul C\u00e9zanne, \u0130gor Stravinski, Gertrude Stein, Virginia Woolf. Kitapta her biri eserlerinde a\u00e7\u0131k ya da \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc bir \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdikleri, sonradan sinirbilimcilerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla da do\u011frulanan bulu\u015flarla an\u0131l\u0131yor. Yine de sinirbilimle (neuroscience) ne t\u00fcrden bir ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011funu anlamland\u0131ram\u0131yorsunuz ilk elden. Yap\u0131tlar\u0131ndaki ke\u015fiflerin insan fizyonomisinin en karma\u015f\u0131k yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan beynin s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinden olan bilincin, g\u00f6rmenin, i\u015fitmenin, belle\u011fin i\u015fleyi\u015fine, bu konudaki bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara nas\u0131l da kaynakl\u0131k etti\u011fini \u00f6\u011freninceye kadar&#8230; Yazar \u00f6rnek olarak ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ki\u015filerin i\u00e7inde bulunduklar\u0131 entelekt\u00fcel atmosferden, d\u00f6nemin biliminden etkilendiklerini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor, ama yine de her biri bu esinlenmenin \u00fcst\u00fcnde bir \u2018sinirbilimsel \u00fcretimi\u2019 olduk\u00e7a edebi, estetik g\u00f6r\u00fcnen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na s\u0131zd\u0131rm\u0131\u015flar.<br \/>\nKitab\u0131n en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinden biri C\u00e9zanne\u2019\u0131n g\u00f6rmenin, g\u00f6rme s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131yla ilgili olarak yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n incelendi\u011fi k\u0131s\u0131md\u0131r. I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n sadece g\u00f6rmenin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyen C\u00e9zanne\u2019\u0131n delili\u011fe e\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fclen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, asl\u0131nda g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz her \u015feyin zihnin bir soyutlamas\u0131 oldu\u011funu ke\u015ffetmesiyle tuvale d\u00fc\u015fer. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda da bu zihinsel s\u00fcrecin par\u00e7al\u0131 halleri h\u00e2kimdir. Kendisini ger\u00e7ekli\u011fin tam ortas\u0131na b\u0131rakarak, onun \u00e7\u0131plak g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc izleyene sunar. Yani zihnin kendi deneyimleriyle \u015fekillenmemi\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc&#8230; Ressam\u0131n yap\u0131tlar\u0131nda yer alan bo\u015fluklar (nonfinito) bu ko\u015fullanm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n par\u00e7alanmas\u0131na ve g\u00f6rmenin dolays\u0131z ya\u015fanmas\u0131na yap\u0131lan olduk\u00e7a bilin\u00e7li bir m\u00fcdahaledir. Tamamlanmam\u0131\u015f resimlerinde zihnin g\u00f6ze dayatmas\u0131n\u0131 sekteye u\u011fratan ressam, ayn\u0131 zamanda bo\u015fluklar\u0131 dolduran g\u00f6z\u00fcn, g\u00f6rmenin nas\u0131l da zihin taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6nlendirildi\u011finin kan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 da sunar. \u00a0C\u00e9zanne\u2019\u0131n bir nesneyi saatlerce izlemesinin asl\u0131nda bir t\u00fcr deney oldu\u011funu varsayabiliriz. Uzun uzun g\u00f6zlemlenen nesneler g\u00f6rme s\u00fcrecinin resim arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n ad\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6te bir \u015fey de\u011fildir. Bu \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bulu\u015fu, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 izlendi\u011finde deneyimlemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Zihnin tuvaldeki bo\u015fluklar\u0131 doldurmam\u0131z i\u00e7in kendi deneyimini nas\u0131l da devreye soktu\u011funu resmi tamamlamaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda kavramaya da ba\u015fl\u0131yoruz.<br \/>\nD\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerimizin, hislerimizin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 yoklamay\u0131 i\u015f edinen ve yap\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funu bu kayg\u0131yla kuran George Eliot endi\u015fe \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir di\u011fer \u00f6zg\u00fcn, k\u00e2\u015fif sanat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor kitapta. D\u00f6nemin bilimsel geli\u015fmelerini ciddi bir \u015fekilde takip eden (Darwin\u2019in <em>T\u00fcrlerin K\u00f6keni<\/em> \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a etkilenir \u00f6rne\u011fin) yazar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 edebi metinler olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 olay \u00f6rg\u00fcleri ve ki\u015filer \u00fczerinden, zihnin kendisini de\u011fi\u015ftirme becerisini, beynin \u015fekillendirilebilirli\u011fini kurcalar. Zihnin dinamik bir devinimle kendisini s\u00fcrekli yenilemesi George Eliot\u2019\u0131n eserlerinin en \u00f6nemli unsurlar\u0131ndand\u0131r. Biyolojiye g\u00f6re beyin genetik olarak y\u00f6netilen bir t\u00fcr mekanik ayg\u0131tt\u0131r. Beynin n\u00f6ronlar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fumdan \u00f6l\u00fcme kadar de\u011fi\u015fmeden kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilimsel fikri, deneysel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla da uzun s\u00fcre varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korur. Ta ki beynin kendisini s\u00fcrekli yeniden yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131, n\u00f6ronlar\u0131n da san\u0131lan\u0131n aksine s\u00fcrekli b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fckleri kan\u0131tlan\u0131ncaya kadar. Mary Anne Evans, yani bilinen ad\u0131yla George Eliot, hayat\u0131n makineye benzemedi\u011fi, s\u00fcreklilik i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fu ve insan tabiat\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmez yasalar\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 fikri en karma\u015f\u0131k organ\u0131m\u0131z olan beynin do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n da kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 da aralar.<br \/>\nVirginia Woolf\u2019un bilincin alt\u0131na ve \u00fcst\u00fcne do\u011fru, zihnin ar\u0131zalar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6kenine yolculu\u011fu; bedenle zihnin ayr\u0131lmaz bir b\u00fct\u00fcn oldu\u011funu \u015fiir dolay\u0131m\u0131yla ifade etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Walt Whitman\u2019\u0131n ac\u0131l\u0131 u\u011fra\u015f\u0131; zihnin ezberlerini bozan ve dinleyeni\u00a0 allak bullak eden m\u00fczi\u011fiyle belirsizli\u011fin duyguyu yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olduk\u00e7a iyi kavrayan \u0130gor Stravinski\u2019nin dahiyane kalk\u0131\u015fmas\u0131; Gertrude Stein\u2019\u0131n dilin beynin i\u00e7inde kurulu yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 par\u00e7alama u\u011fra\u015f\u0131; belle\u011fin yerle\u015fikli\u011fine ili\u015fkin \u00f6nemli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 kapal\u0131 bir ya\u015fam s\u00fcrmesine kar\u015f\u0131n derinlikli bir \u015fekilde inceleyen Marcel Proust\u2019un an\u0131lara ve zihnin geriye do\u011fru kendisini nas\u0131l kurdu\u011funa dair ilgin\u00e7 bulu\u015fu, yap\u0131lan bilimsel g\u00f6zlemler ve kan\u0131tlamalarla \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclerek kitab\u0131n di\u011fer b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde \u00e7ok \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bir \u015fekilde incelenmi\u015f. Gurme Auguste Escoffier\u2019\u0131n insan genomunun y\u00fczde 3\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturan koku resept\u00f6rlerini lezzet aray\u0131\u015f\u0131yla harekete ge\u00e7irmeye d\u00f6n\u00fck ke\u015fifleri kitab\u0131n en keyifle okunabilecek b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinden. \u0130nsan beyninin kendisine inanmas\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekleri nas\u0131l da \u00e7arp\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 en temel gereksinimlerimizden olan yemekle s\u0131nanmas\u0131\u2026 Auguste Escoffier\u2019\u0131n bir bilimciyi, sanat\u00e7\u0131y\u0131 aratmayan u\u011fra\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bir incelemeyle alm\u0131\u015f kitaptaki yerini.<br \/>\nJonah Lehrer\u2019in izledi\u011fi ve yorumlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feylerin bug\u00fcne kadar sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n ya\u015famlar\u0131na do\u011fru yap\u0131lan k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmalar\u0131n \u00e7ok d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ve yerinde oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde kitab\u0131n merak duygusu uyand\u0131rarak ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n yap\u0131tlar\u0131na okuru te\u015fvik edece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k.<\/p>\n<p><strong> <span class=\"fontstyle0\">Proust Bir Sinirbilimciydi, Jonah Lehrer, \u00c7ev.: Ferit Burak Aydar, Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00dcniversitesi Yay\u0131nevi, 2009, 245 s.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ele\u015ftirmen bir sanat yap\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 \u2018izlerken\u2019, yorumlarken \u00f6ncelikle sanat\u0131n estetik \u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerini, bu yoldaki belirlenimleri k\u0131lavuz edinir. Bununla yetinmez yap\u0131t\u0131 kuran\u0131n ser\u00fcvenini (ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131) de var olan k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn eklentisi, ona ili\u015ftirilen merak nesnesi haline getirir. Yap\u0131t sahibinin sakl\u0131 \u015feyleri zaman zaman \u00f6z ya\u015fam\u0131 \u00fczerinden de if\u015fa edilerek okuyucunun onda, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yap\u0131t\u0131nda kendisini bulmas\u0131na arac\u0131l\u0131k edilir. Bu bir yan\u0131yla [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":350,"featured_media":49686,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[107,38,510,511],"tags":[7573,7572,7571,7570],"class_list":["post-9310","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-70-sayi","category-dergi-sayilari","category-surekli-bolumler","category-yayin-dunyasi","tag-bogazici-universitesi-yayinevi","tag-ferit-burak-aydar","tag-onah-lehrer","tag-proust-bir-sinirbilimciydi"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9310","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/350"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9310"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9310\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49686"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9310"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9310"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9310"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}