S\u00fcper bilgisayar proton ve n\u00f6tronun k\u00fctle fark\u0131n\u0131 hesaplad\u0131<\/p>\n
Atom \u00e7ekirde\u011finin varolu\u015fumuzu olanakl\u0131 k\u0131lan fiziksel \u00f6zelliklere sahip olmas\u0131n\u0131n temel nedenlerinden biri de n\u00f6tron k\u00fctlesinin protonun k\u00fctlesinden \u00e7ok az da olsa b\u00fcy\u00fck olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Zolt\u00e1n Fodor \u00f6nderli\u011findeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma grubu, n\u00f6tronun ke\u015ffinden 80 y\u0131l sonra n\u00f6tron ve proton aras\u0131ndaki k\u00fctle fark\u0131n\u0131 hesaplamay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131. Grup, JUQUEEN adl\u0131 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc s\u00fcper bilgisayarlar\u0131ndan birini kullan\u0131larak elde etti\u011fi sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 Science<\/em> dergisinde yay\u0131mlad\u0131. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc etkile\u015fim teorisinin (QCD) do\u011frulanmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bu bulgular olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli.<\/p>\n Atomun olu\u015fabilmesinin ve varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmesinin \u00f6nemli bir ko\u015fulu, n\u00f6tronun protondan a\u011f\u0131r olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bahsi ge\u00e7en k\u00fctle fark\u0131, de\u011ferinden az miktarda kaysayd\u0131, evrende a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 n\u00f6tron bollu\u011fu, yetersiz hidrojen ve a\u011f\u0131r element eksikli\u011fi meydana gelirdi. Serbest n\u00f6tronun yakla\u015f\u0131k 10 dakika i\u00e7erisinde bozunurken serbest protonun bozunmadan kalmas\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131nda da, yine proton ve n\u00f6tron aras\u0131ndaki k\u00fctle fark\u0131 yatar. Deneysel \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmler sonucunda par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n k\u00fctleleri aras\u0131ndaki fark y\u00fczde 0,14 olarak bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Chadwick\u2019in n\u00f6tronu ke\u015ffetmesinin \u00fczerinden 40 y\u0131l sonra, 1972 y\u0131l\u0131nda Murray Gell-Mann ve Heinrich Leutwyler, proton ve n\u00f6tronu meydana getiren temel par\u00e7ac\u0131klar ve bunlar\u0131n aras\u0131ndaki g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc etkile\u015fim kuvvetlerini tutarl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde a\u00e7\u0131klayan kuantum kromodinamik (QCD) teorisini ortaya koydular. Bug\u00fcn biliyoruz ki, \u00e7ekirde\u011fi meydana getiren proton ve n\u00f6tronlar\u0131n yap\u0131ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 yukar\u0131 ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 kuarklar olu\u015fturur. Proton, bir a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 kuark ve iki yukar\u0131 kuarktan; n\u00f6tron ise bir yukar\u0131 ve iki a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 kuarktan meydana gelir.<\/p>\n Proton ve n\u00f6tron k\u00fctlelerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn, yap\u0131ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan kuark bile\u015fenlerinin enerjisinden, Einstein\u2019in E=mc2 ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131na uygun \u015fekilde meydana geldi\u011fi, ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz birka\u00e7 y\u0131lda yap\u0131lan s\u00fcper bilgisayar sim\u00fclasyonlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan onayland\u0131. Elektrik y\u00fckl\u00fc protonun yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 elektromanyetik alan\u0131n katk\u0131s\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 y\u00fckl\u00fc protonun k\u00fctlesi, y\u00fcks\u00fcz n\u00f6trondan y\u00fczde 0,1 oranda fazla olarak hesaplan\u0131yordu. Ancak Fodor ve ekibinin olduk\u00e7a karma\u015f\u0131k sim\u00fclasyonlarla g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi \u00fczere art\u0131k biliyoruz ki, kuarklar\u0131n k\u00fctle farklar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 n\u00f6tronun k\u00fctlesi QCD\u2019nin \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi protondan daha fazlad\u0131r. Prof. K\u00e1lm\u00e1n Szab\u00f3\u2019ya g\u00f6re, gelecekte standart modelin temel par\u00e7ac\u0131k fizi\u011fini, on kat kesin sonu\u00e7larla test edebilece\u011fiz. Elde edilecek bulgular da standart model \u00f6tesi yeni fizi\u011fe yol g\u00f6sterecek nitelikte olabilir. Fodor ve ekibinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yeni nesil sim\u00fclasyonlamada kuark, gluon ve n\u00fckleer par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerinin belirlenmesi gibi konularda kap\u0131 aralay\u0131c\u0131 nitelikte oldu\u011fundan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemi olduk\u00e7a fazla.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" S\u00fcper bilgisayar proton ve n\u00f6tronun k\u00fctle fark\u0131n\u0131 hesaplad\u0131 Atom \u00e7ekirde\u011finin varolu\u015fumuzu olanakl\u0131 k\u0131lan fiziksel \u00f6zelliklere sahip olmas\u0131n\u0131n temel nedenlerinden biri de n\u00f6tron k\u00fctlesinin protonun k\u00fctlesinden \u00e7ok az da olsa b\u00fcy\u00fck olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Zolt\u00e1n Fodor \u00f6nderli\u011findeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma grubu, n\u00f6tronun ke\u015ffinden 80 y\u0131l sonra n\u00f6tron ve proton aras\u0131ndaki k\u00fctle fark\u0131n\u0131 hesaplamay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131. Grup, JUQUEEN adl\u0131 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":634,"featured_media":21297,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[172,19,453,235],"tags":[255,626],"class_list":["post-9405","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-135-sayi","category-bilim-gundemi","category-bilisim","category-guncel","tag-bilgisayar","tag-super-bilgisayar"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9405","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/634"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9405"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9405\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21297"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9405"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9405"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9405"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nEkip, \u00e7ok hassas elektromanyetik etkile\u015fmelerin de dahil edilebilmesi amac\u0131yla kuantum kromodinami\u011fin yan\u0131na kuantum elektrodinami\u011fini de hesaplamaya katarak olduk\u00e7a karma\u015f\u0131k sim\u00fclasyon teknikleri kulland\u0131. Biliminsanlar\u0131, t\u00fcm hata kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol ederek do\u011fa kuvvetlerinin hassas bir denge i\u00e7erisinde oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdiler.<\/p>\n