{"id":9454,"date":"2018-06-04T05:50:22","date_gmt":"2018-06-04T02:50:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.232.216.219\/~bilimvegelecek\/?p=9454"},"modified":"2018-06-04T10:02:00","modified_gmt":"2018-06-04T07:02:00","slug":"beynimiz-ogrendigi-yeni-kelimeleri-resim-gibi-gormeye-basliyor-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2018\/06\/04\/beynimiz-ogrendigi-yeni-kelimeleri-resim-gibi-gormeye-basliyor-2","title":{"rendered":"Beynimiz \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi yeni kelimeleri resim gibi g\u00f6rmeye ba\u015fl\u0131yor"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Bilinen bir kelimeye bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, beynimiz onu i\u015flenmesi gereken bir grup harf olarak de\u011fil, bir resim gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Georgetown \u00dcniversitesi T\u0131p Merkezi\u2019nden ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n, <em>Journal of Neuroscience<\/em> dergisinde bas\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, beynin, n\u00f6ronlar\u0131n kelimenin par\u00e7alar\u0131 yerine tamam\u0131na yan\u0131t vermesini sa\u011flayarak, kolayca \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fini g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ba\u015f ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131ndan, ayn\u0131 zamanda Georgetown \u00dcniversitesi T\u0131p Merkezi Laboratuvar Y\u00f6neticisi olan Maximilian Riesenhuber, n\u00f6ronlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ek kelimelere farkl\u0131 tepkiler verdi\u011fini ve beynin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n kelimeleri tan\u0131yabilmek i\u00e7in kelimelerin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcne ayarlanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu belirtiyor. Baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n iddia etti\u011fi gibi, kelimelerin k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlayarak ya da h\u0131zl\u0131ca heceleyerek onlar\u0131 tan\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131, aksine beynin bu alan\u0131ndaki n\u00f6ronlar\u0131n g\u00f6rsel bir s\u00f6zl\u00fck kullan\u0131r gibi kelimenin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn nas\u0131l oldu\u011funu, nas\u0131l g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7\u00f6zd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ifade ediyor.<\/p>\n<p>G\u00f6rsel kelime b\u00f6lgesi denen beyindeki bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck b\u00f6lge, y\u00fczlerin nas\u0131l oldu\u011funu hat\u0131rlamam\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flayan y\u00fcz fusiform alan\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda g\u00f6rme korteksinin sol taraf\u0131nda bulundu. Riesenhuber bu alanlardan birinin y\u00fczleri kolayca hat\u0131rlamam\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, di\u011ferinin ise h\u0131zl\u0131 okumam\u0131za yard\u0131m ederek t\u00fcm kelimeyi tan\u0131mam\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmada 25 kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131dan 150 tane anlams\u0131z kelimeyi \u00f6\u011frenmelerini istendi. Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6\u011frenmeyle ili\u015fkili olan beyin n\u00f6roplastisitesi, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmadan \u00f6nce ve sonra fonksiyonel (i\u015flevsel) Manyetik Rezonans G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme (fMRI) ile incelendi.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6zel bir fMRI tekni\u011fi kullan\u0131larak, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar g\u00f6rsel kelime alan\u0131n\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar anlams\u0131z kelimeleri \u00f6\u011frendik\u00e7e de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini buldu. Al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmadan \u00f6nce n\u00f6ronlar kelimelere anlams\u0131z kelimelere verdi\u011fi gibi tepki verirken, kelimeler \u00f6\u011frenildikten sonra bu kelimelere ger\u00e7ek ve anlaml\u0131 kelimeler gibi tepki verdi. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ekibinin ba\u015f\u0131 Laurie Glezer, n\u00f6ronlar\u0131n \u00f6\u011frenilen kelimelere tepkisinin nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerini ve bunun beyin plastisitesini g\u00f6stermesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir ilk oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n<p>Riesenhuber bulgular\u0131n sadece beynin kelimeleri nas\u0131l i\u015fledi\u011fini g\u00f6stermeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda okuma bozuklu\u011fu olan insanlara yard\u0131m etmede \u00f6nemli veriler sundu\u011funu belirtiyor ve kelimeleri sesli olarak heceleyerek \u00f6\u011frenemeyen insanlar i\u00e7in t\u00fcm kelimeyi g\u00f6rsel bir nesne gibi \u00f6\u011frenmenin iyi bir strateji olabilece\u011fini ekliyor.<\/p>\n<p>Asl\u0131nda ekibin 2009\u2019da Neuron\u2019da yay\u0131mlanan ilk \u00f6nemli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndan sonra, Riesenhuber okuma g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00e7eken bir grup insan ve kelimeleri g\u00f6rsel nesnelerle \u00f6\u011frenmenin yararl\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirten e\u011fitimcilerle ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7tiklerini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. O zamanki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, t\u00fcm yaz\u0131l\u0131 kelimelere kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen bir sinirsel temsilin oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi. Yeni \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ise al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki kelimelerin \u00f6\u011frenildikten sonra nas\u0131l benzer \u015fekilde birle\u015ftirildi\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n<p>Riesenhuber g\u00f6rsel kelime alan\u0131n\u0131n kelimenin fonetik okunu\u015fuyla ilgilenmedi\u011fini, aksine kelimenin harflerinin birlikte nas\u0131l g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcklerinin \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu ve bu t\u00fcrden bir \u00f6\u011frenme \u015feklinin sadece beynin \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesinin de beyindeki se\u00e7ici esnekli\u011fe \u00e7ok g\u00fczel bir \u00f6rnek oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bilinen bir kelimeye bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, beynimiz onu i\u015flenmesi gereken bir grup harf olarak de\u011fil, bir resim gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Georgetown \u00dcniversitesi T\u0131p Merkezi\u2019nden ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n, Journal of Neuroscience dergisinde bas\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, beynin, n\u00f6ronlar\u0131n kelimenin par\u00e7alar\u0131 yerine tamam\u0131na yan\u0131t vermesini sa\u011flayarak, kolayca \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fini g\u00f6sterdi. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ba\u015f ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131ndan, ayn\u0131 zamanda Georgetown \u00dcniversitesi T\u0131p Merkezi Laboratuvar Y\u00f6neticisi olan Maximilian Riesenhuber, n\u00f6ronlar\u0131n [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":749,"featured_media":21311,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[172,19,212,35],"tags":[254,2559,347,370],"class_list":["post-9454","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-135-sayi","category-bilim-gundemi","category-bilissel-bilimler","category-noroloji","tag-beyin","tag-kelime","tag-noroloji","tag-resim"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9454","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/749"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9454"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9454\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21311"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9454"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9454"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9454"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}