{"id":9743,"date":"2009-03-01T23:01:58","date_gmt":"2009-03-01T21:01:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.232.216.219\/~bilimvegelecek\/?p=9743"},"modified":"2017-05-20T23:06:58","modified_gmt":"2017-05-20T20:06:58","slug":"dosya-kilise-evrimlesti-mi-katolik-kilisenin-evrim-kurami-konusundaki-evrimi-yontem-farkli-ama-darwin-150-yildir-engizisyonda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2009\/03\/01\/dosya-kilise-evrimlesti-mi-katolik-kilisenin-evrim-kurami-konusundaki-evrimi-yontem-farkli-ama-darwin-150-yildir-engizisyonda","title":{"rendered":"DOSYA: Kilise evrimle\u015fti mi?        Katolik Kilisenin Evrim Kuram\u0131 konusundaki evrimi  Y\u00f6ntem farkl\u0131 ama Darwin 150 y\u0131ld\u0131r Engizisyon\u2019da!"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>\u201c\u0130nsanl\u0131k tarihi, sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131llar s\u00fcren sarkac\u0131 and\u0131r\u0131r. Uzun bir uyku d\u00f6neminin ard\u0131ndan uyanma \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 ba\u015flar. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kendisini, dikkatli bir bi\u00e7imde zincirlere vurmu\u015f olan y\u00f6neticilerden, d\u00fczenin avukatlar\u0131ndan ve din adamlar\u0131ndan kurtar\u0131r. Ancak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin k\u00f6kle\u015fmi\u015f d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131 -h\u00fck\u00fcmet, yasa koyucu ve din adamlar\u0131- k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra yenilginin \u00fcstesinden gelip ba\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 yine yeniden kald\u0131rmaya ba\u015flar. Da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan g\u00fc\u00e7lerini yava\u015f yava\u015f toparlarlar ve inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131, yasal kurallar\u0131n\u0131 yeni ko\u015fullara ve gereksinimlere uygun olarak yeniden d\u00fczenlerler. S\u00fcr\u00fcngenler gibi yava\u015f yava\u015f g\u00f6revlerinin ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00f6nerler ve ilk olarak e\u011fitim arac\u0131yla \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 esir al\u0131rlar.\u201d <\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>2009 y\u0131l\u0131 hem Galileo\u2019nun teleskopla evreni g\u00f6zlemeye ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131n (1609) 400. hem de Darwin\u2019in <em>T\u00fcrlerin K\u00f6keni<\/em> adl\u0131 yap\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131nlan\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n (1859) 150. y\u0131l\u0131 olarak kutlan\u0131yor. Bu iki bilim insan\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131llarda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n bir\u00e7ok ortak yanlar\u0131 var: a) Galileo ve Darwin bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na g\u00f6zlem ve deneyle ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, elde ettikleri verileri usa vurarak de\u011ferlendirmi\u015flerdir. Kulland\u0131klar\u0131 y\u00f6ntem t\u00fcmevar\u0131m ve t\u00fcmdengelimin diyalektik birlikteli\u011fidir. b) D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel etkinliklerinin ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olma nedeni ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7a\u011flardaki toplumsal \u00e7alkant\u0131lar ve s\u0131n\u0131f sava\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcr d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ortamlar\u0131d\u0131r. c) Galileo ve Darwin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinden dolay\u0131 dinsel \u00e7evrelerin bask\u0131s\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. d) Ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00f6nemde bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6nteminde a\u00e7t\u0131klar\u0131 patika giderek otobana d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. e) Galileo ve Darwin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de bilim d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 ba\u011fnaz \u00e7evrelerin top ate\u015fi alt\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>F. Huxley, <em>Evolution from Molecules to Men <\/em>(D.S. Bendall -ed.-, CUP, Cambridge, 1985, p.6), adl\u0131 kitapta, \u201cHow far will Darwin take us?\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 makalesinde a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki saptamay\u0131 yap\u0131yor:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u201c\u015eu anda varolan canl\u0131 t\u00fcrlerinin de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe u\u011frayarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u00f6neri, hemen hemen t\u00fcm bilim insanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan onanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak, bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe \u00f6zellikle Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019ndeki yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan \u015fiddetli bir kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f var. Ben bu \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 bilimsel bir anla\u015fmazl\u0131k olarak g\u00f6rm\u00fcyorum: hemen hemen t\u00fcm yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar, savlar\u0131n\u0131 bir otorite temelinde geli\u015ftiriyorlar ki bu bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n onamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir davran\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; ayr\u0131ca yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar evrimden \u00e7ok bilime sald\u0131r\u0131yorlar. Yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 bilimsel a\u00e7\u0131dan ciddiye almam\u0131z gerekmiyor, ancak sosyolojik a\u00e7\u0131dan ve doktrinlerinin verece\u011fi zarar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bakarsak, yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 ciddiye almam\u0131z gerekiyor.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Bu \u201cciddiye al\u0131\u015f\u201d, ancak onlar\u0131n neyi savunduklar\u0131n\u0131, bilime nas\u0131l sald\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kendi yaz\u0131lar\u0131ndan okuyup anlayarak yap\u0131labilir. Bu dosyan\u0131n amac\u0131, siz de\u011ferli okurlar\u0131m\u0131za \u201cba\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 yine yeniden kald\u0131ran\u201d bilim d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini herhangi bir katk\u0131 yapmaks\u0131z\u0131n oldu\u011fu gibi sunmak ve karar\u0131 size b\u0131rakmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>12 \u015eubat 1809\u2019da b\u00fcy\u00fck do\u011fa bilgini Charles Darwin do\u011fmu\u015ftu. Bunu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne alan Uluslararas\u0131 Biyolojik Bilimler Birli\u011fi (IUBS) ve UNESCO, bug\u00fcn\u00fc \u201cDarwin G\u00fcn\u00fc\u201d ilan etti. Bu y\u00fczden, \u201cDarwin G\u00fcn\u00fc\u201d d\u00fcnyan\u0131n pek \u00e7ok yerinde kutland\u0131. Bu ba\u011flamda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de Darwin 2009 etkinliklerinde yer alan bilim insanlar\u0131 bir bildiri yay\u0131nlad\u0131. Bu bildiride, \u201cFarkl\u0131 dinlerin en yetkili temsilcileri evrim kuram\u0131n\u0131n dini inan\u00e7larla \u00e7eli\u015fmek zorunda olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmelerine kar\u015f\u0131n, b\u00fcy\u00fck kaynaklarla beslenen yo\u011fun bir kampanya, \u00fclkemizde de y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmektedir\u201d saptamas\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu saptaman\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015f anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na izin vermemek i\u00e7in, \u00f6zellikle de Katolik kesimin \u201cyeni ko\u015fullara uyum sa\u011flama s\u00fcrecini\u201d, \u201cevrim kuram\u0131n\u0131n dini inan\u00e7larla \u00e7eli\u015fmek zorunda olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d saptamas\u0131yla ne demek istediklerini kendi yaz\u0131lar\u0131ndan okumal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n tinsel de\u011ferlerinin k\u00f6keninin din oldu\u011fu saptamas\u0131n\u0131 yapan din \u00e7evrelerinin asl\u0131nda do\u011fadan \u201cintihal\u201d yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 savunan Prens Peter Kropotkin\u2019in g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde emperyalizmin g\u00fc\u00e7 politikas\u0131n\u0131n ilerici g\u00fc\u00e7leri d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda bask\u0131 alt\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu bask\u0131n\u0131n bir cephesinin de gerici k\u00f6ktendincilere destek vererek laik sol kesime kar\u015f\u0131 bir alet olarak kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunan tarihsel materyalistlerin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini bir ba\u015fka yaz\u0131da inceleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n<p>Okurlar\u0131m\u0131z, Darwin konusunda Katolik Kilisesi\u2019ndeki \u201cyenilikleri\u201d yans\u0131tmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki yaz\u0131lar\u0131, Kropotkin\u2019in \u201cAnarchist Morality\u201d adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndaki o \u00fcnl\u00fc saptamas\u0131n\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda okumal\u0131d\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u0130nsanl\u0131k tarihi, sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131llar s\u00fcren sarkac\u0131 and\u0131r\u0131r. Uzun bir uyku d\u00f6neminin ard\u0131ndan uyanma \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 ba\u015flar. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kendisini, dikkatli bir bi\u00e7imde zincirlere vurmu\u015f olan y\u00f6neticilerden, d\u00fczenin avukatlar\u0131ndan ve din adamlar\u0131ndan kurtar\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cD\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, kendisine vurulan zincirleri par\u00e7alar. Kendisine \u00f6\u011fretilmi\u015f olan her \u015feyi ciddi bir ele\u015ftiri s\u00fczgecinden ge\u00e7irmeye ba\u015flar ve ortas\u0131nda bir ot gibi yeti\u015fti\u011fi dinsel, politik, yasal ve sosyal \u00f6nyarg\u0131lar\u0131n koflu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. Yeni \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yollar\u0131 aramaya ba\u015flar, yeni bulgular\u0131yla bilgilerimizi zenginle\u015ftirir, yeni bilimsel alanlar \u00fcretir.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAncak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin k\u00f6kle\u015fmi\u015f d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131 -h\u00fck\u00fcmet, yasa koyucu ve din adamlar\u0131- k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra yenilginin \u00fcstesinden gelip ba\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 yine yeniden kald\u0131rmaya ba\u015flar. Da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan g\u00fc\u00e7lerini yava\u015f yava\u015f toparlarlar ve inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131, yasal kurallar\u0131n\u0131 yeni ko\u015fullara ve gereksinimlere uygun olarak yeniden d\u00fczenlerler. Sonra, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin ve ki\u015filerin k\u00f6leli\u011fe olan yatk\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan -ki bu yatk\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kendileri \u00e7ok iyi bir bi\u00e7imde ekerler- toplumun anl\u0131k \u00f6rg\u00fcts\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden, baz\u0131 bireylerin tembelli\u011finden, di\u011ferlerinin a\u00e7g\u00f6zl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden yararlanarak, s\u00fcr\u00fcngenler gibi yava\u015f yava\u015f g\u00f6revlerinin ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00f6nerler ve ilk olarak e\u011fitim arac\u0131yla \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 esir al\u0131rlar.\u201d (Pyotr Aleksyevi\u00e7 Kropotkin, <em>Anarchist Morality<\/em>)<\/p>\n<p>Evet, Katolik Kilisesi evrim kuram\u0131 konusunda \u201cyenilginin \u00fcstesinden gelip ba\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 yine yeniden kald\u0131rmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u201d. Ancak, \u00f6nce \u201cLamarck, Darwin ve tasar\u0131m sav\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yaz\u0131yla Darwin\u2019in ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131lda yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n bilime kar\u015f\u0131 tav\u0131rlar\u0131na de\u011finelim. Daha sonra, \u201cEvrim ve Dogma\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yaz\u0131da g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Katoliklerinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce dizgesiyle tan\u0131\u015fal\u0131m!<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201c\u0130nsanl\u0131k tarihi, sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131llar s\u00fcren sarkac\u0131 and\u0131r\u0131r. Uzun bir uyku d\u00f6neminin ard\u0131ndan uyanma \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 ba\u015flar. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kendisini, dikkatli bir bi\u00e7imde zincirlere vurmu\u015f olan y\u00f6neticilerden, d\u00fczenin avukatlar\u0131ndan ve din adamlar\u0131ndan kurtar\u0131r. Ancak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin k\u00f6kle\u015fmi\u015f d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131 -h\u00fck\u00fcmet, yasa koyucu ve din adamlar\u0131- k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra yenilginin \u00fcstesinden gelip ba\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 yine yeniden kald\u0131rmaya ba\u015flar. Da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan g\u00fc\u00e7lerini [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":475,"featured_media":9744,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[99,38,224,32,221],"tags":[229,467,200,600],"class_list":["post-9743","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-61-sayi","category-dergi-sayilari","category-din-ve-dinler-tarihi","category-evrim","category-felsefe","tag-din","tag-din-felsefesi","tag-evrim","tag-kilise"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9743","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/475"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9743"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9743\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9744"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9743"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9743"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9743"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}