{"id":9777,"date":"2011-03-01T15:46:49","date_gmt":"2011-03-01T13:46:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.232.216.219\/~bilimvegelecek\/?p=9777"},"modified":"2017-05-21T15:55:54","modified_gmt":"2017-05-21T12:55:54","slug":"kadinlar-ve-satranc-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2011\/03\/01\/kadinlar-ve-satranc-2","title":{"rendered":"Kad\u0131nlar ve satran\u00e7"},"content":{"rendered":"

Erkek egemen satran\u00e7 d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda kad\u0131nlar\u0131n yeri uzun s\u00fcredir tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan bir konu. Y\u0131llard\u0131r s\u00fcregelen bu tart\u0131\u015fma iki soru ekseninde \u015fekilleniyor. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n satranca erkekler kadar ilgi duymuyor olu\u015fu ya da erkeklere nazaran daha ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olu\u015fu, biyolojik bir etmen midir yoksa toplumsal cinsiyet rol\u00fcn\u00fcn bir sonucu mudur?<\/p>\n

Baz\u0131 biyolojik farkl\u0131l\u0131klar ve kesinli\u011fi do\u011frulanmayan \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck varsay\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 bir kenara b\u0131rak\u0131rsak, bu durum daha \u00e7ok toplumsal bask\u0131lar\u0131n ve kad\u0131na bi\u00e7ilen rol\u00fcn bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr; zira y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r pozitif ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa maruz b\u0131rak\u0131lan bir cinsin bu konudaki yetersizli\u011fi \u00f6ncelikli olarak tarihsel bir zeminde de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. Hormonel farkl\u0131l\u0131klar ve bu farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n beyindeki etkilerinin, satran\u00e7 oyunu \u00fczerindeki yans\u0131mas\u0131 iddias\u0131 ise kad\u0131n cinsini yok sayan, kolayc\u0131 ve \u00e7ok erken bir yakla\u015f\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"Vera Menchik <\/strong><\/p>\n

1927 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen ilk kad\u0131nlar aras\u0131 turnuvan\u0131n \u015fampiyonu Moskova do\u011fumlu Vera Menchik, \u0130ngiliz bir anne ve \u00c7ekoslavakyal\u0131 bir baban\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131. Kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 baz\u0131 \u015fampiyonalarda erkek ustalarla oynama \u015fans\u0131 bulan Menchik bu kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmalarda bir \u00e7ok galibiyet elde etti, yenilgiye u\u011frayan isimlerden biri de 1935-1937 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131 d\u00fcnya \u015fampiyonu olan \u00fcnl\u00fc usta Max Euwe idi. \u0130lk kad\u0131nlar d\u00fcnya \u015fampiyonu, \u015fampiyonlu\u011funu \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc olan 1944\u2019e kadar elinde tuttu.<\/p>\n

Nona Gaprindashvili\"\" <\/strong><\/p>\n

G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n Zugdidi kentinde d\u00fcnyaya gelen Gaprindashvili d\u00f6neminin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oyuncular\u0131ndan biridir. 1962\u2019de hen\u00fcz 20 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 kad\u0131nlar d\u00fcnya \u015fampiyonlu\u011funu tam 16 y\u0131l boyunca korumu\u015ftur. \u015eampiyonalarda 1963-1990 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Sovyetler Birli\u011fi; 1992\u2019de ise G\u00fcrcistan ad\u0131na yar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Gaprindashvili ayn\u0131 zamanda 1977 y\u0131l\u0131nda California\u2019da d\u00fczenlenen Erkek Satran\u00e7 Turnuvas\u0131ndan galibiyetle \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve erkekler satran\u00e7 turnuvas\u0131nda \u015fampiyon olan ilk kad\u0131n oyuncu unvan\u0131n\u0131 kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nona Gaprindashvili b\u00fcy\u00fckusta unvan\u0131 verilen ilk kad\u0131n satran\u00e7 oyuncusudur.<\/p>\n

\"\"Polgar karde\u015fler<\/strong><\/p>\n

En b\u00fcy\u00fck karde\u015f Susan ve en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckleri Judit, kad\u0131n satran\u00e7 tarihin iki \u00f6nemli ismidir. Ortanca karde\u015f Sofia da karde\u015fleri kadar iyi bir satran\u00e7\u00e7\u0131d\u0131r ama erken ya\u015fta satranc\u0131 b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f ve resme y\u00f6nelmi\u015ftir. Karde\u015fler e\u011fitimlerini okula g\u00f6nderilmeden babalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Susan Polgar <\/strong><\/p>\n

Macar as\u0131ll\u0131 Amerikal\u0131 oyuncu, 1996-1999 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131 kad\u0131nlar d\u00fcnya \u015fampiyonudur. Satranc\u0131 3 ya\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6\u011frenen Susan tarihte b\u00fcy\u00fckusta unvan\u0131 alan 3. kad\u0131n oyuncudur. 10 ya\u015f\u0131nda uluslararas\u0131 satran\u00e7 ustas\u0131 olan Susan satran\u00e7 yazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve organizat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de yapmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Sofia Polgar <\/strong><\/p>\n

Macaristan do\u011fumlu kad\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckustad\u0131r. Satranc\u0131 erken ya\u015fta b\u0131rakmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen 1989\u2019da hen\u00fcz 14 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken Roma\u2019da kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k turnuvada gelmi\u015f ge\u00e7mi\u015f en y\u00fcksek reytinge (2879) ula\u015farak ad\u0131n\u0131 tarihe kaz\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Unutulmaz turnuvadan bir oyun:<\/p>\n

Sofia Polgar (2345) – Alexander Chernin (2580) \/ Roma A\u00e7\u0131k 1989<\/p>\n

1.e4 c5 2.Af3 e6 3.d4 cd4 4.Ad4 Ac6 5.Ac3 Vc7 6.Fe2 Af6 7.0-0 Fe7 8.Fe3 0-0 9.f4 d6 10.\u015eh1 a6 11.Ve1 Aa5 12.Vg3 Ac4 13.Fc1 b5 14.a3 Vb6 15.Kd1 Fb7 16.b3 Aa5 17.Ff3 Kac8 18.Fb2 Kfd8?! 19.Ad5! Ad5 20.Ae6! g6 21.Ad8 Vd8 22.ed5 Kc2 23.Kab1 Fh4 24.Vh3 Fc8 25.Fg4 Fg4 26.Vg4 Ab3 27.g3?! Fe7 28.f5 a5? 29.fg6 hg6 30.Vh3! Kb2 31.Kb2 a4 32.Kf2 Ac5 33.Kdf1 f5 34.g4! Ae4 35.Kg2 Ff6 1-0<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Judit Polgar\"\" <\/strong><\/p>\n

Satran\u00e7 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n krali\u00e7esi olarak an\u0131lan Judit 15 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken en gen\u00e7 GM (b\u00fcy\u00fckusta) unvan\u0131n\u0131 Bobby Fischer\u2019dan alm\u0131\u015f ve o d\u00f6nemin en gen\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fckustas\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Ayr\u0131ca d\u00fcnya s\u0131ralamas\u0131nda ilk 10\u2019a giren ilk kad\u0131n satran\u00e7\u00e7\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

2002 y\u0131l\u0131nda Moskova\u2019da d\u00fczenlenen Rusya Milli Tak\u0131m\u0131 – D\u00fcnya Karmas\u0131 H\u0131zl\u0131 Satran\u00e7 Turnuvas\u0131\u2019nda Kasparov\u2019u yenilgiye u\u011fratm\u0131\u015f, kendisine \u201csirk kuklas\u0131\u201d diyen Kasparov\u2019a iyi bir ders vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Polgar – Garry Kasparov \/ Moskova 2002<\/p>\n

1.e4 e5 2.Af3 Ac6 3. Fb5 Af6 4.O-O Axe4 5.d4 Ad6 6.Fxc6 dxc6 7.dxe5 Af5 8.Vxd8+ \u015exd8 9.Ac3 h6 10.Kd1+ \u015ee8 11.h3 Fe7 12.Ae2 Ah4 13.Axh4 Fxh4 14.Fe3 Ff5 15.Ad4 Fh7 16.g4 Fe7 17.\u015eg2 h5 18.Af5 Ff8 19.\u015ef3 Fg6 20.Kd2 hxg4+ 21.hxg4 Kh3+ 22.\u015eg2 Kh7 23.\u015eg3 f6 24.Ff4 Fxf5 25.gxf5 fxe5 26.Ke1 Fd6 27.Fxe5 \u015ed7 28. c4 c5 29.Fxd6 cxd6 30.Ke6 Kah8 31.Kexd6+\u015ec8 32.K2d5 Kh3+ 33.\u015eg2 Kh2+ 34.\u015ef3 K2h3+ 35.\u015ee4 b6 36.Kc6+ \u015eb8 37.Kd7 Kh2 38.\u015ee3 Kf8 39.Kcc7 Kxf5 40.Kb7+ \u015ec8 41.Kdc7+ \u015ed8 42.Kxg7 \u015ec8 1-0<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Judit\u2019in galibiyet kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 tek \u015fampiyon Kasparov de\u011fil bu isimler aras\u0131nda Viswanathan Anand ve Anatoly Karpov gibi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc isimler de yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Polgar – Viswanathan Anand \/ Dos Hermanas 1999<\/p>\n

1.e4 c5 2.Af3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Axd4 Af6 5.Ac3 a6 6.Fe3 e6 7.g4 e5 8.Af5 g6 9.g5 gxf5 10.exf5 d5 11.Vf3 d4 12.0-0-0 Abd7 13.Fd2 dxc3 14.Fxc3 Fg7 15.Kg1 0-0 16.gxf6 Vxf6 17.Ve3 \u015eh8 18.f4 Vb6 19.Vg3 Vh6 20.Kd6 f6 21.Fd2 e4 22.Fc4 b5 23.Fe6 Ka7 24.Kc6 a5 25.Fe3 Kb7 26.Fd5 Kb8 27.Kc7 b4 28.b3 Kb5 29.Fc6 Kxf5 30.Kxc8 Kxc8 31.Fxd7 Kcc5 32.Fxf5 Kxf5 33.Kd1 \u015eg8 34.Vg2 \u015ef8 1-0<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Hou Yifan <\/strong><\/p>\n

Son d\u00fcnya kad\u0131nlar \u015fampiyonu \u00c7inli Yifan hen\u00fcz 17 ya\u015f\u0131nda. \u00c7in ve d\u00fcnya satranc\u0131n\u0131n dahisi olarak an\u0131l\u0131yor. Satranc\u0131 6 ya\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6\u011frenen Hou Yifan, 2003\u2019te 10 Ya\u015f K\u0131zlar D\u00fcnya \u015eampiyonu olduktan sonra h\u0131zla geli\u015fti ve 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fckusta normlar\u0131n\u0131 tamamlayan en gen\u00e7 kad\u0131n satran\u00e7\u00e7\u0131 olma rekorunu Humpy Koneru\u2019nun elinden ald\u0131. Yifan \u00c7in\u2019de d\u00fczenlenen ve ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 sporcular\u0131n \u00f6d\u00fcllendirildi\u011fi organizasyonda bu sene olimpik olmayan sporlarda y\u0131l\u0131n sporcusu se\u00e7ildi.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

KAYNAKLAR<\/strong><\/p>\n

1) http:\/\/tsf.org.tr\/images\/stories\/2010-2011\/Mavikale\/Mavi_Kale_5._Sayae__Baskae_.pdf<\/p>\n

2) http:\/\/istanbul2009.fide.com\/kadin-ustalari-taniyalim.html<\/p>\n

3) http:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/Pazar\/2010\/12\/12\/kadin_satranccinin_roma_mucizesi<\/p>\n

4) http:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/2002\/09\/24\/pazar\/paz08.html<\/p>\n

5) http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Women\u2019s_World_Chess_Championship<\/p>\n

6) http:\/\/arsiv.sabah.com.tr\/2006\/11\/19\/cp\/gnc112-20061119-102.html<\/p>\n

7) http:\/\/www.chessgames.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Erkek egemen satran\u00e7 d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda kad\u0131nlar\u0131n yeri uzun s\u00fcredir tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan bir konu. Y\u0131llard\u0131r s\u00fcregelen bu tart\u0131\u015fma iki soru ekseninde \u015fekilleniyor. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n satranca erkekler kadar ilgi duymuyor olu\u015fu ya da erkeklere nazaran daha ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olu\u015fu, biyolojik bir etmen midir yoksa toplumsal cinsiyet rol\u00fcn\u00fcn bir sonucu mudur? Baz\u0131 biyolojik farkl\u0131l\u0131klar ve kesinli\u011fi do\u011frulanmayan \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck varsay\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 bir kenara b\u0131rak\u0131rsak, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":404,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[122],"tags":[557,456],"class_list":["post-9777","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-85-sayi","tag-kadin","tag-satranc"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t