{"id":9854,"date":"2009-04-01T18:33:03","date_gmt":"2009-04-01T15:33:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.232.216.219\/~bilimvegelecek\/?p=9854"},"modified":"2017-05-21T18:35:57","modified_gmt":"2017-05-21T15:35:57","slug":"anadolunun-derde-derman-endemik-bitkileri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2009\/04\/01\/anadolunun-derde-derman-endemik-bitkileri","title":{"rendered":"Anadolu\u2019nun derde derman endemik bitkileri"},"content":{"rendered":"

Anadolu halk\u0131, dertlerine derman\u0131 binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r bitkilerinde bulur. Zeytin yapra\u011f\u0131 \u015fekere iyi gelir, aks\u00f6\u011f\u00fct a\u011fac\u0131 iltihapl\u0131 yaralara\u2026 K\u0131z\u0131l\u00e7am ba\u011f\u0131rsak d\u00fczenler, al\u0131\u00e7 sakinle\u015ftirir\u2026Kekik hem mide rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r, hem \u00f6ks\u00fcr\u00fck, nefes darl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bron\u015fitte\u2026Sar\u0131msak enfeksiyona kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelede ve tansiyon d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmekte\u2026\u00c7ak\u015f\u0131r cinsel g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fckte kullan\u0131l\u0131r, kantaron ruhsal g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fckte… A\u011fu otu ise hem\u015ferilerini her y\u00f6nden kollar: Basurda, romatizma a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131nda, egzamada ve akrep sokmalar\u0131nda i\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcr. \u015eifa veren bitkilerden kekik erkektir, ada\u00e7ay\u0131 kad\u0131n\u2026Ve binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r bu b\u00f6yledir.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c7ocuklu\u011fumda, yaramazl\u0131\u011f\u0131m ve yerimde duramaman\u0131n sonucu v\u00fccudumun \u00e7e\u015fitli yerlerini yaralard\u0131m. K\u00f6ylerde yaralar i\u00e7in ila\u00e7 da bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, b\u00fcy\u00fcklerimiz bitkilerden yararlanmay\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretmi\u015flerdi. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u00e7evremizde \u00e7ok yayg\u0131n olarak yeti\u015fen, olgun meyvelerini severek yedi\u011fimiz, bazen de meyvelerini yemek isterken dikenleriyle ayaklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 yaralad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z b\u00f6\u011f\u00fcrtlen (Rubus<\/em>) bitkisinin yapra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u011f\u0131zda \u00e7i\u011fnedikten sonra t\u00fck\u00fcr\u00fckle kar\u0131\u015fan yapra\u011f\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fctl\u00fc y\u00fczeyini kanayan yara \u00fczerine bast\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, akan kan\u0131n \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde durdu\u011funu \u015fa\u015f\u0131rarak g\u00f6r\u00fcrd\u00fck. Kovanlar \u00e7evresindeki ha\u015far\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z sonucunda ar\u0131lar\u0131n i\u011fnelerinin ac\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 tad\u0131p da y\u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fcz g\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcz tan\u0131nmaz hale geldi\u011finde, yine imdad\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7evremizdeki bitkiler yeti\u015firdi. E\u011fer bir ar\u0131 can yakan i\u011fnesini size bat\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve \u00e7evrenizde de ye\u015fil yaprakl\u0131 incir a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 var ise, ar\u0131n\u0131n soktu\u011fu noktaya incir yapra\u011f\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc damlat\u0131n, birka\u00e7 saniye i\u00e7inde a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131ndan kurtulursunuz; v\u00fccudunuzun \u015fi\u015fmesini de \u00f6nlersiniz. Avc\u0131lar\u0131n Ok\u00e7u Tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 Likyal\u0131 Artemis\u2019in sembol\u00fc olan ar\u0131lar\u0131n oklar\u0131yla yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ac\u0131y\u0131 ancak bir ba\u015fka Anadolulu Tanr\u0131\u00e7a Demeter\u2019in bitkisi incirimiz Ficus carica <\/em>dindirebilirdi. Anadolu insan\u0131n\u0131n imdad\u0131na Anadolulu bitkiler ve onlar\u0131n Tanr\u0131\u00e7alar\u0131 yeti\u015fmezse kimler yeti\u015firdi ki?<\/p>\n

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Derman bitkilerde\u2026<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u201ckocakar\u0131 ila\u00e7lar\u0131\u201d diye k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsenen, ancak binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r Anadolu insan\u0131n\u0131n amans\u0131z hastal\u0131klar\u0131nda tutunacak bir dal vazifesi g\u00f6ren Anadolu bitkilerinin t\u0131bbi \u00f6zellikleri, sadece geleneksel t\u0131p a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011fil, \u00e7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n dermans\u0131z hastal\u0131klar\u0131na deva bulunmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. \u00dclkemizde yeti\u015fen ve t\u0131bbi potansiyeli olan bitkilerin y\u00fczde 10\u2019undan daha az\u0131n\u0131n t\u0131bbi \u00f6zellikleri ve hangi hastal\u0131klara iyi geldi\u011fi bilinmekte, yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 90\u2019\u0131 ise h\u00e2l\u00e2 bilinmemektedir. Binlerce y\u0131ldan beri Anadolu\u2019da ila\u00e7 yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan bitkilerin bu \u00f6zellikleri Avrupa taraf\u0131ndan son y\u00fczy\u0131llarda ke\u015ffedilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Hititler g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden 4 biny\u0131l \u00f6nce, gen merkezi Anadolu olan zeytin a\u011fac\u0131ndan ila\u00e7 yapm\u0131\u015flar (1); bu miras bug\u00fcne kadar devam ettirilmi\u015f ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde U\u015fak\u2019\u0131n E\u015fme \u0130l\u00e7esi\u2019nin k\u00f6ylerinde zeytin yapra\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u015feker hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucunu do\u011furmu\u015ftur. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Avrupa modern t\u0131bb\u0131nda da zeytin yapra\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bu \u00f6zelliklerinden yararlan\u0131lmakta ve bu bitki \u015feker hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere di\u011fer baz\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131n tedavisinde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. (2) Zeytinin ila\u00e7 hammaddesi oldu\u011fu bilgisini binlerce y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinden g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze aktaran Anadolu geleneksel t\u0131bb\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Biraz detayl\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, \u00fclkemizin \u00fccra k\u00f6\u015felerinde, hi\u00e7 tahmin etmedi\u011finiz ve odunu d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir i\u015fe yaramad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz a\u011fa\u00e7lardan \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 ila\u00e7lar yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz: Toroslar\u2019\u0131n Alada\u011flar y\u00f6resinde Adana g\u00f6knar\u0131ndan (Abies cilicica<\/strong><\/em>) elde edilen sak\u0131z a\u00e7 karn\u0131na balla yenilerek mide ve \u00fclser hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmesinde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. (3) Bal\u0131kesir y\u00f6resinde katran ard\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n (Juniperus oxycedrus<\/em>) meyveleri mide hastal\u0131klar\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r, meyveleri de bron\u015fit tedavisi amac\u0131yla yenir ve \u00e7ay\u0131 i\u00e7ilir. (4) U\u015fak\u2019taki Umurbaba Da\u011f\u0131 k\u00f6yl\u00fcleri sa\u00e7l\u0131 me\u015fenin (Quercus cerris<\/em>) meyvesini toz haline getirerek ishali ve kanamalar\u0131 \u00f6nlemede kullanmakta (5); Aksaray\u2019\u0131n Nizip b\u00f6lgesinde palamut me\u015fesinin (Quercus ithaburensis<\/em>) meyvesi kaynat\u0131lmak suretiyle elde edilen \u00e7aydan kab\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gidermek i\u00e7in yararlan\u0131lmakta (6); Hatay\u2019\u0131n Yaylada\u011f\u0131 \u0130l\u00e7esi\u2019nin K\u0131\u015flak beldesinde maz\u0131 me\u015fesinin (Q. infectoria<\/em>) meyveleri \u015feker hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tedavisinde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. (7) Bal\u0131kesir y\u00f6resinde k\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n (Cornus mas<\/em>) meyveleri ile kay\u0131n a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n (Fagus orientalis<\/em>) kabuklar\u0131ndan ishal kesici olarak yararlan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. <\/strong>(4)<\/p>\n

Son y\u0131llarda alerjik \u00f6zellikleri \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131larak haks\u0131zl\u0131k edilen, hatta kentlerimizden k\u00f6k\u00fc kaz\u0131nmak bile istenen kavak a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131m\u0131z ne i\u015fe yarar bilir misiniz? \u0130la\u00e7 yap\u0131m\u0131nda yararlan\u0131l\u0131r kavaklar\u0131m\u0131zdan, nas\u0131l m\u0131; Ni\u011fde y\u00f6resinde akkava\u011f\u0131n (Populus alba<\/em>) g\u00f6vde, dal ve kabuklar\u0131n\u0131n kaynat\u0131lmas\u0131yla elde edilen \u00e7ay\u0131 solunum ve sindirim sistemi rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 y\u00f6rede Populus tremula<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n (titrekkavak) g\u00f6vde, dal ve kabuklar\u0131n\u0131n kaynat\u0131lmas\u0131yla elde edilen \u00e7ay\u0131 kab\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 giderici ve ate\u015f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. (6)<\/p>\n

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\u00c7ocuklar<\/em><\/strong>, aspirinin kayna\u011f\u0131 aks\u00f6\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcn dallar\u0131yla y\u0131kan\u0131r<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Anadolu\u2019da yayg\u0131n olarak yeti\u015fen aks\u00f6\u011f\u00fctten (Salix alba<\/em>) g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn mucize ilac\u0131 olarak bilinen aspirin \u00fcretilir. Aspirin modern t\u0131p taraf\u0131ndan 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ke\u015ffedilmesine ra\u011fmen \u00fclkemiz insan\u0131 aks\u00f6\u011f\u00fctten binlerce y\u0131ldan beri ila\u00e7 yapmaktayd\u0131, halen de yapmaktad\u0131r: S\u00f6\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcn bilimsel nitelemesi olan Salix <\/em>kelimesinin k\u00f6k\u00fc olan \u201csal<\/strong>\u201d kelimesi Latincede sa\u011fl\u0131kla ilgilidir ve bu a\u011fac\u0131n t\u0131bbi \u00f6zellikleri Antik\u00e7a\u011f\u2019dan beri bilinmektedir. Amasya\u2019n\u0131n Merzifon \u0130l\u00e7esi dolay\u0131nda aks\u00f6\u011f\u00fct a\u011fac\u0131ndan, iltihapl\u0131 yaralara kar\u015f\u0131 halk ilac\u0131 yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. (8) 6 May\u0131s H\u0131drellez kutlamalar\u0131nda Anadolu kad\u0131nlar\u0131 s\u00f6\u011f\u00fct dallar\u0131n\u0131n kaynat\u0131lmas\u0131yla elde edilen suda \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131kayarak onlar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve hastal\u0131klara dayan\u0131kl\u0131 olmalar\u0131n\u0131 ama\u00e7larlar. 6 May\u0131s\u2019\u0131n Artemis\u2019in do\u011fum g\u00fcn\u00fc olmas\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 gibi, s\u00f6\u011f\u00fct, Tanr\u0131\u00e7a Artemis\u2019in bitkisidir. (9) Hititler\u2019den beri Anadolu insan\u0131 s\u00f6\u011f\u00fct a\u011fac\u0131ndan ila\u00e7 yapmaktad\u0131r; aspirinin ke\u015ffinde, Anadolu\u2019nun bu insanl\u0131k miras\u0131 ila\u00e7 bilgisini koruyarak yeni nesillere aktarmas\u0131n\u0131n da pay\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Antik\u00e7a\u011f\u2019da \u00e7am a\u011fac\u0131 Sa\u011fl\u0131k Tanr\u0131s\u0131 Asklepios\u2019un sembollerindendi. \u00c7o\u011fumuza tuhaf gelen bu sembol\u00fcn t\u0131bbi nedenleri vard\u0131r; zira Mersin\u2019in Yan\u0131ktepe y\u00f6resinde k\u0131z\u0131l\u00e7am\u0131n (Pinus brutia<\/em>) taze kozalaklar\u0131 toplan\u0131r, ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr, kaynat\u0131l\u0131r ve i\u00e7ilir; bu suretle mide a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131 dindirilir ve bu \u00e7ay ba\u011f\u0131rsak d\u00fczenleyici olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r; ayr\u0131ca ayn\u0131 y\u00f6rede k\u0131z\u0131l\u00e7am\u0131n kabu\u011fu toplan\u0131r, d\u00f6v\u00fclerek ve yaran\u0131n \u00fczerine serpilerek yaralar\u0131n iyile\u015fmesi sa\u011flan\u0131r. (10)<\/p>\n

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Anadolu halk\u0131 ilac\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcn bitkilerinde bulmu\u015ftur<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Yukarda belirtti\u011fimiz bitkiler, endemik olmayan bitki t\u00fcrlerimizin ila\u00e7 yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermeleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nem arz eder. Bu bitkilerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, \u00fclkemize \u00f6zg\u00fc endemik bitki t\u00fcrlerimiz de y\u00f6resel halk ila\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu bitkilerin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc lokal t\u00fcrler oldu\u011fundan bitkilerden yap\u0131lan halk ila\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n da genelde lokal kullan\u0131mlar\u0131 s\u00f6z konusudur. \u0130la\u00e7 yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan endemik a\u011fa\u00e7 ve a\u011fa\u00e7\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z bulunmaktad\u0131r. Toros Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019nda yeti\u015fen endemik Toros g\u00f6knar\u0131 (Abies cilicica subsp. isaurica<\/em>) Hititler d\u00f6neminde ila\u00e7 yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. (1)<\/p>\n

Anadolu bir al\u0131\u00e7 cennetidir. Endemik al\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131m\u0131z d\u00f6rt bir y\u00f6remizi donatm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Hititler\u2019in k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nlemek amac\u0131yla alt\u0131nda Tanr\u0131lara dua etti\u011fi, sevip korudu\u011fu al\u0131c\u0131n kutsiyetinde t\u0131bbi ve bilimsel nedenler de vard\u0131r; genel olarak al\u0131\u00e7 meyvesi tansiyonu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr, sakinle\u015ftirici etkisi vard\u0131r. Bal\u0131kesir y\u00f6resinde sar\u0131 al\u0131\u00e7 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan endemik Crataegus aronia var. aronia\u2019<\/em>n\u0131n meyveleri yenmek suretiyle bu meyve idrar artt\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. (4)<\/p>\n

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Kekik hem da\u011flar\u0131n ne\u015fesi<\/em><\/strong>, hem \u015fifa kayna\u011f\u0131\u2026<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u0131bbi ama\u00e7la kullan\u0131lan en \u00f6nemli bitkilerimizden biri kekiklerimizdir. Thymus<\/em> ve Origanum <\/em>cinslerinin endemik t\u00fcrlerini yemeklere koku verme veya \u00e7ay yap\u0131m\u0131 amac\u0131yla kullanman\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Anadolu insan\u0131 kekik t\u00fcrlerimizden \u00e7e\u015fitli hastal\u0131klar\u0131n tedavisinde de yararlanmaktad\u0131r. Yiyecek ve i\u00e7ecek olarak kullan\u0131lan kekik t\u00fcrlerimizin tercih edilmesinde sadece besleyici \u00f6zellikleri de\u011fil sa\u011falt\u0131c\u0131 nitelikleri de rol oynayabilmektedir. \u00dclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda yayg\u0131n endemik Sipilda\u011f\u0131 Keki\u011fi\u2019nin (Thymus sipyleus<\/em> subsp sipyleus var. sipyleus<\/em>) Kayseri\u2019nin Yahyal\u0131 \u0130l\u00e7esi\u2019nde yap\u0131lan \u00e7ay\u0131 i\u00e7ilmek suretiyle bitki nefes darl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6ks\u00fcr\u00fck ve bron\u015fitin tedavisinde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. (3) Endemik bir kekik t\u00fcr\u00fc olan Thymus praecox subsp. skorpilii<\/em> var.<\/em> skorpilii\u2019<\/em>den Amasya \u0130li\u2019nin Merzifon dolay\u0131nda \u015feker hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 halk ilac\u0131 yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bahse konu kekik t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn Rize \u0130li Anzer Yaylas\u0131\u2019nda \u00e7ay\u0131 yap\u0131larak i\u00e7ildi\u011finden bu endemik bitki Rize y\u00f6resinde \u201cAnzer\u00e7ay\u0131\u201d, Trabzon y\u00f6resinde ise \u201cbiberhot\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r Yine \u00fclkemizde yayg\u0131n olarak yeti\u015fen Thymus sipyleus subsp. rosulans<\/em> adl\u0131 endemik kekik t\u00fcr\u00fc mide hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n tedavisinde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. (8, 11) Mu\u011fla ve Denizli illerine endemik olan ve bu iller d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda do\u011fal olarak yeti\u015fmeyen, yemeklerde baharat olarak da kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan y\u00f6resel ad\u0131 \u201c\u00e7\u00f6kelek keki\u011fi\u201d olan endemik Origanum hypericifolium <\/em>bitkisinin bu y\u00f6relerimizde \u015feker hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ay\u0131 i\u00e7ilmektedir. (12) U\u015fak\u2019\u0131n E\u015fme \u0130l\u00e7esi\u2019nde Thymus zygioides var. lycaonicus<\/strong><\/em> (Konya keki\u011fi) adl\u0131 endemik kekik t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn kurutulmu\u015f \u00e7i\u00e7ekli dallar\u0131 ve yapraklar\u0131, nefes yollar\u0131 rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131nda, so\u011fuk alg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve nefes darl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tedavisinde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 bitkinin yapraklar\u0131 Afyon\u2019un Kumalar Da\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6resi k\u00f6yl\u00fclerince kaynat\u0131l\u0131p \u00e7ay olarak i\u00e7ilir ve bu suretle \u015feker hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tedavisinde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca yemeklerde de baharat olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. (5, 13)<\/p>\n

Kekik t\u00fcrlerimiz mis kokular\u0131yla do\u011fam\u0131z\u0131 \u015fenlendirmelerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Anadolu insan\u0131n\u0131n hastal\u0131klar\u0131na deva olur da, Anadolu insan\u0131 ona hak etti\u011fi de\u011feri vermez mi? \u00d6rne\u011fin yemek ve ila\u00e7 yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan kekiklerimizden Origanum<\/em> bitkisinin T\u00fcrk\u00e7e anlam\u0131 \u201cda\u011flar\u0131n ne\u015fesi\u201ddir. D\u00fcnyadaki Origanum<\/em> t\u00fcrlerinin y\u00fczde 60\u2019\u0131 da T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yeti\u015fir. Yani T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin da\u011flar\u0131ndan alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z zevki, hayat kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve ne\u015fesini d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir yerinde bulamazs\u0131n\u0131z; bir de bu ne\u015fe endemik ise, de\u011fmeyin keyfinize.<\/p>\n

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Anadolu\u2019nun t\u00fcm kekik kokular\u0131<\/em><\/strong>, d\u00fc\u015fmana kar\u015f\u0131 birle\u015fin!<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Antik\u00e7a\u011flarda kekik, asaletin ve cesaretin simgesiydi. Bu y\u00fczden sava\u015fa giden yi\u011fitlere kekik kokan arma\u011fanlar vermek bir gelenek halini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. (14) Antik\u00e7a\u011f ordular\u0131nda g\u00f6rev yapan Anadolu delikanl\u0131lar\u0131 da y\u00f6relerinden ald\u0131klar\u0131 endemik kekik kokulu hediyelerle sava\u015f alan\u0131na gidiyorlard\u0131 besbelli. Anadolu\u2019nun d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndan gelerek orduya kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n kekik kokular\u0131 da muhakkak birbirine kar\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu, \u00fclkenin endemik kekik kokular\u0131 da herhalde Anadolu\u2019nun kokusu olarak birle\u015fiyor, \u00f6yle kar\u015f\u0131 konuyordu d\u00fc\u015fmana; askerlerin her biri de yanlar\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 y\u00f6relerinin keki\u011finin kokusundan g\u00fc\u00e7 alarak vatanlar\u0131n\u0131 savunuyorlard\u0131. Antik\u00e7a\u011f insan\u0131n\u0131n birbirine kekik kokulu hediyeler vermesinin alt\u0131nda, mutlaka keki\u011fin hastal\u0131klar\u0131 iyile\u015ftiren olumlu \u00f6zellikleri de vard\u0131. Evinden ayr\u0131 sava\u015fa giden insanlar\u0131n en \u00e7ok ihtiyac\u0131 olan \u015feylerden biri hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirecek unsurlar\u0131 yan\u0131na almakt\u0131 besbelli. Keki\u011fin hastal\u0131klardan, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00f6l\u00fcmden koruyucu ve kurtar\u0131c\u0131 etkisi, onun her t\u00fcrl\u00fc zorluktan insanlar\u0131 kurtard\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir inanca d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu nedenle \u00f6l\u00fcm-kal\u0131m meselesi olan sava\u015flarda keki\u011fin b\u00fcy\u00fcsel bir fonksiyon g\u00f6rerek askerleri k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerden korudu\u011funa inan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kekik, fizyolojik etkileri dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Antik\u00e7a\u011f\u2019dan bu yana bitki b\u00fcy\u00fclerinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli rol oynam\u0131\u015f bir bitkidir. Romal\u0131lar keki\u011fin melankoliye iyi geldi\u011fine inan\u0131rlard\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca kekik t\u00fcrleriyle sevgi b\u00fcy\u00fcs\u00fc yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Bu \u00e7a\u011flarda evlenecek k\u0131zlar ayakkab\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7ine kekik koyarlar ve daha sonra uyurlard\u0131, bu suretle ileride evlenmeleri muhtemel erke\u011fi r\u00fcyalar\u0131nda g\u00f6receklerine inan\u0131rlard\u0131. (9)<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Erkeksin be kekik!..<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Roma ve Antik\u00e7a\u011f uygulamalar\u0131ndan da g\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fi \u00fczere kekik erkeksi bir bitkidir. Romal\u0131 k\u0131zlar ayakkab\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7ine erkekle \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fen kekik koymak suretiyle r\u00fcyalar\u0131nda m\u00fcstakbel yavuklular\u0131n\u0131 hayal edebilmekte, sava\u015fa giden yi\u011fitlere de kekik hediyeleri verilerek onlara yi\u011fitlere ve asillere \u00f6zg\u00fc kokular kazand\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Zaten kekik t\u00fcrlerinden Thymus<\/em> bitki sistemati\u011finde erkeksi bir isimdir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Anadolu\u2019sundaki T\u00fcrk\u00e7e kekik isimlerinde bu uygulama devam etmektedir: \u00d6rne\u011fin Ankara y\u00f6resinde endemik Origanum sipyleum<\/em> adl\u0131 kekik ile Mu\u011fla y\u00f6resinde Origanum onites<\/em> adl\u0131 keki\u011fin y\u00f6resel ad\u0131 \u201cg\u00fcveyi otu\u201d, yine Mu\u011fla y\u00f6resinde Satureja thymbra<\/em> adl\u0131 keki\u011fin y\u00f6resel ad\u0131 \u201co\u011fulotu\u201d veya \u201co\u011ful keki\u011fi\u201ddir. (11) G\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fi gibi kekik t\u00fcrlerimiz insanlar\u0131m\u0131za sa\u011fl\u0131k bah\u015federken fizyolojik \u00f6zellikleriyle onlara k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 da kazand\u0131rmakta, Anadolu insan\u0131na asalet ve cesaret vermekte, ayr\u0131ca ne\u015fe, hayal g\u00fcc\u00fc, sevgi ve mutluluk da a\u015f\u0131lamaktad\u0131r. Zaten sa\u011fl\u0131k olmazsa ne\u015fe, sevgi ve cesaret m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir mi? Ne demi\u015fler her \u015feyin ba\u015f\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k.<\/p>\n

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Sar\u0131msak, Antik\u00e7a\u011f Sa\u011fl\u0131k Tanr\u0131s\u0131 Asklepios\u2019un sembollerindendir<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Keki\u011fin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Anadolu\u2019da ila\u00e7 yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan en \u00f6nemli bitkilerden birisi de so\u011fan ve sar\u0131msak olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan Allium<\/em> t\u00fcrleridir. \u00dclkemizde endemik t\u00fcrleri olduk\u00e7a zengin olan yabani so\u011fan ve sar\u0131msaklar ila\u00e7 yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131rlar. \u00d6rne\u011fin Tunceli y\u00f6resine endemik Allium tuncelianum<\/strong><\/em> yiyecek ama\u00e7l\u0131 t\u00fcketilmenin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, y\u00f6rede enfeksiyonlara ve y\u00fcksek tansiyona kar\u015f\u0131 da kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00dclkemizde sar\u0131msak olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan Allium<\/em> t\u00fcrleri de bulunmakta olup, \u00f6rne\u011fin Tunceli dolay\u0131nda yeti\u015fen endemik \u201ckaya sar\u0131msa\u011f\u0131\u201d Allium macrochaetum subsp. tuncelianum<\/strong><\/em>, d\u00fcnyada sadece Bursa\u2019daki Uluda\u011f\u2019da yeti\u015febilen endemik \u201csar\u0131 sar\u0131msak\u201d Allium flavum subsp. flavum var. minus<\/em>, d\u00fcnyada sadece Kazda\u011f\u0131\u2019nda bulunan lokal endemik ve yok olma tehlikesi alt\u0131nda olan \u201cyabani sar\u0131msak\u201d Allium kurtzianum<\/em> bunlara \u00f6rnektir. Sar\u0131msak bitkisinin binlerce y\u0131ldan bu yana ila\u00e7 amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmekte, hatta g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bile sar\u0131msa\u011f\u0131n etkileri pop\u00fcler yay\u0131nlarda tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Antik\u00e7a\u011f\u2019da da sar\u0131msak Sa\u011fl\u0131k Tanr\u0131s\u0131 Asklepios\u2019un sembollerinden biridir. (14) Antik D\u00f6nem\u2019in en \u00fcnl\u00fc asklepionlardan birinin kurulu oldu\u011fu Pergamon Antik Kenti\u2019nin tam ortas\u0131nda endemik bir Allium <\/em>t\u00fcr\u00fc bulunur, hem de antik kentin tam merkezi olan akropolde yeti\u015fir: Allium proponticum subsp. proponticum<\/em> bitkisi belki de Bergama asklepionunda hastalar\u0131n tedavisinde kullan\u0131lan bir bitkiydi.<\/p>\n

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Hititler, so\u011fan\u0131 belalardan kurtulmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131rd\u0131<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

So\u011fan t\u00fcrlerinin sa\u011falt\u0131c\u0131 ve k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckleri uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 etkisi Hititler taraf\u0131ndan da fark edilmi\u015fti. Nadir ve t\u0131bbi \u00f6zellikler ta\u015f\u0131yan so\u011fan ve sar\u0131msaklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu y\u00fcksek da\u011flarda yeti\u015fir. Hitit D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde da\u011flardaki bitkilerden ila\u00e7 yapanlar da ya\u015fl\u0131 Hitit kad\u0131nlar\u0131 olup bu kad\u0131nlar ayn\u0131 zamanda kehanetleri de\u015fifre etmekle de \u00fcnl\u00fcyd\u00fcler. (15) Bir Hitit metnine g\u00f6re, kentte ya\u015famaktan s\u0131k\u0131lan, ayr\u0131ca hastal\u0131klar\u0131 da iyile\u015ftiren bir b\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fc kendini da\u011flara atar ve i\u00e7indeki s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131y\u0131 ve stresi \u015f\u00f6yle hayk\u0131r\u0131r da\u011flara; \u201cEy Y\u00fcce da\u011flar, ben size acaba niye geldim dersiniz? \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ben art\u0131k bittim, t\u00fckendim, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc insanl\u0131k bir inek gibi ah\u0131rda hapis kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eimdi sizin yard\u0131m\u0131n\u0131za \u00e7ok ihtiyac\u0131m var.\u201d (16) Hititli b\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u00f6yledikleri hepimizin \u00e7ok yak\u0131ndan ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 duygulard\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz modern insan\u0131 kapal\u0131 kutularda ya\u015far ve bazen, de\u011fil do\u011fay\u0131, do\u011fadan yal\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kent ya\u015fam\u0131na bile kat\u0131lmadan, betonlar aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7atlaklardaki otlar\u0131 bile g\u00f6remeden rutin i\u015fleri aras\u0131nda kaybolup gider. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden 4 biny\u0131l \u00f6nce Hititli b\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fc g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz insan\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fadan yal\u0131t\u0131l\u0131p rutin i\u015flere bo\u011fulup inekler gibi kutulara t\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve yine da\u011flar\u0131n, do\u011fan\u0131n stresin en \u00f6nemli ilac\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131.<\/p>\n

Hitit b\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fcleri dertlerini d\u00f6kt\u00fckleri da\u011flar\u0131n bitkileriyle de belalar\u0131 savu\u015fturmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Hititler, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u201csar\u0131msak\u201d ismine benzer bir \u015fekilde \u201csums\u0131k\u0131lsar\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 verdikleri (17) so\u011fan bitkisini belalar\u0131 uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmada kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r: Hitit b\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fc kad\u0131nlar\u0131 bir kuru so\u011fan\u0131 al\u0131p katlar\u0131n\u0131 ay\u0131r\u0131r, ay\u0131r\u0131rken de \u201cBu so\u011fan\u0131n katlar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l ay\u0131r\u0131yorsam, k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck, lanet ve pislik de bu insandan \u00f6yle ayr\u0131ls\u0131n\u201d derlerdi. (18) So\u011fanlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n hem besleyici hem de t\u0131bbi \u00f6zellikleri, onlar\u0131n Hititlerden bu yana b\u00fcy\u00fc uygulamalar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur. Hititlerin so\u011fan\u0131n katlar\u0131n\u0131 soyarak b\u00fcy\u00fc yapmalar\u0131n\u0131n nedeni, ayn\u0131 keki\u011fin antik\u00e7a\u011flardaki hastal\u0131ktan kurtar\u0131c\u0131 etkisinde oldu\u011fu gibi, so\u011fan ve sar\u0131msak t\u00fcrlerinin t\u0131bbi \u00f6zelliklerinin Hititlerce k\u00fclt\u00fcrel boyuta ve rit\u00fcel alana ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca Hititlerin so\u011fan b\u00fcy\u00fcs\u00fcnde uygulad\u0131klar\u0131 \u201csoymak\u201d edimi ile g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz T\u00fcrk\u00e7esindeki \u201cso\u011fan\u201d kelimesinin birbirine benzemesi, fonksiyonel bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrel devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n Hititlerden g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ipucunu vermektedir.<\/p>\n

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Osmanl\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u0131 so\u011fana do\u011fum t\u00f6reninde yer verirlerdi<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nitekim so\u011fan\u0131n rit\u00fcel, b\u00fcy\u00fc ve tedavi uygulamalar\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 D\u00f6nemi halk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde de kendisini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir: Anadolu kad\u0131nlar\u0131 do\u011fum t\u00f6renlerinde de so\u011fan\u0131 kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde uygulanan bir do\u011fum rit\u00fcelinde; do\u011fum yapan kad\u0131n\u0131n memeleri y\u0131kan\u0131r ve ikiye kesilmi\u015f bir so\u011fanla memeler ovulur, daha sonra bu so\u011fan mavi boncuk ve sar\u0131msak ile birlikte bir \u015fi\u015fe ge\u00e7irilerek t\u00fclbentle ba\u011flan\u0131r ve lo\u011fusan\u0131n ayak k\u0131sm\u0131ndaki duvara as\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Evden \u00e7\u0131karken \u015fi\u015fe ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f so\u011fan kap\u0131n\u0131n e\u015fi\u011fine konulur, s\u0131ras\u0131yla anne, b\u00fcy\u00fckler ve en son kuca\u011f\u0131nda bebekle ebe d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya \u00e7\u0131karlard\u0131. (14)<\/p>\n

Allium<\/em> t\u00fcrlerinin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Anadolu\u2019sunda so\u011fan ve sar\u0131msak olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan t\u00fcrleri yemek yap\u0131m\u0131nda ve halk hekimli\u011finde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ancak onun Osmanl\u0131 D\u00f6neminde mavi boncuk ile birlikte kad\u0131n do\u011fumlar\u0131nda, Hititler ve Antik D\u00f6nem\u2019den bu yana da hastal\u0131k ve b\u00fcy\u00fc uygulamalar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 onun do\u011furganl\u0131k ve Anatanr\u0131\u00e7an\u0131n \u00f6zel bitkisi oldu\u011funun ipu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 vermektedir. Sar\u0131msak bitkisinin pop\u00fcler vampir filmlerindeki koruyucu \u00f6zelli\u011finin ger\u00e7ek tarihsel k\u00f6keni g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden 4000 y\u0131l \u00f6nceki Anadolu b\u00fcy\u00fc uygulamalar\u0131na kadar gitmektedir.<\/p>\n

Anadolu\u2019da d\u00fcnyaya yeni gelen \u00e7ocuklarla ilgili de t\u0131bbi ama\u00e7la kullan\u0131lan bitkiler bulunmaktad\u0131r. Kayseri\u2019nin Yahyal\u0131 \u0130l\u00e7esi\u2019nde bozkulak sak\u0131z\u0131, baz\u0131 y\u00f6relerde \u201cyarasak\u0131z\u0131\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan Scorzonera tomentosa<\/em> adl\u0131 endemik bitkiden elde edilen sak\u0131z, yenido\u011fan bebeklerin g\u00f6be\u011fine konularak g\u00f6be\u011fi bast\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131l\u0131r, \u00e7ocuk f\u0131t\u0131k olursa bu sak\u0131zdan f\u0131t\u0131\u011f\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla da yararlan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yine ayn\u0131 il\u00e7ede endemik bir Yayla\u00e7ay\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fc olan Sideritis phlomoides <\/em>\u00e7ay olarak i\u00e7ilir ve kar\u0131n a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/strong> Anadolu\u2019da \u00e7a\u015f\u0131r veya \u00e7ak\u015f\u0131r diye adland\u0131r\u0131lan Prangos uechtritzii <\/em>adl\u0131 endemik bitki yine ayn\u0131 y\u00f6rede cinsel g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fc\u011fe ve basur hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 ila\u00e7 olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r; bu bitki sirkeyle kaynat\u0131l\u0131p suyu ile taharet yap\u0131larak basur iyile\u015ftirilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. (3) Amasya\u2019n\u0131n Merzifon \u0130l\u00e7esi\u2019nde yeti\u015fen Scorzonera eriophora<\/em> adl\u0131 endemik tekesakal\u0131 bitkisi ast\u0131m hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 ila\u00e7 yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. (8)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Kantaron hem yaray\u0131 iyile\u015ftirir, hem de ruhu\u2026<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Yine idrar yolu iltihaplar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131lan, g\u00fcney ve bat\u0131 illerimize endemik olan ve bilimsel ad\u0131n\u0131 Antik\u00e7a\u011f hekimi Euryphon\u2019<\/em>dan alan Hypericum aviculariifolium<\/em> subsp.<\/em> aviculariifolium<\/em> adl\u0131 kantaron bitkisi de yeti\u015fti\u011fi topra\u011f\u0131n insan\u0131na derman olmak i\u00e7in May\u0131s ve Haziran aylar\u0131nda sapsar\u0131 \u00e7i\u00e7ekler a\u00e7ar; g\u00fcne\u015ften ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sayr\u0131lara sunabilmek i\u00e7in. (7) Anadolu\u2019da endemik t\u00fcrleri olduk\u00e7a zengin olan ve \u00fclkemizde 70 t\u00fcr\u00fc bulunan Hypericum<\/em> bitkisi, Eski Yunan\u2019dan beri yaralar ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n tedavisinde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca bitkinin do\u011fa\u00fcst\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7lere sahip oldu\u011funa inan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, pop\u00fclaritesi y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r s\u00fcrmektedir. Bu t\u00fcrlerden biri olan ve sar\u0131 kantaron olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan H. triquetrifolium<\/em> da t\u0131bbi olarak kullan\u0131lmakta olup, bu t\u00fcr\u00fc di\u011ferlerinden ay\u0131ran \u00f6zellik, s\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ortaya k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renkli bir s\u0131v\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karan \u00e7i\u00e7ekleridir: Bu s\u0131v\u0131 kana benzetildi\u011finden sar\u0131 kantaron Antik D\u00f6nem\u2019den beri kutsal kabul edilen bir bitkidir. (19) Bitkinin adet kanamas\u0131 rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131yla bitki \u00e7i\u00e7eklerinden kana benzer bir s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n akmas\u0131, mutlaka do\u011furganl\u0131k ve kad\u0131n inan\u00e7lar\u0131ylale ili\u015fkilendirilmesine neden olmu\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca endemik olmamakla birlikte, \u00fclkemizde de do\u011fal olarak yeti\u015fen Hypericum perforatum<\/em> adl\u0131 di\u011fer bir kantaron bitkisi de modern t\u0131pta depresyon tedavisinde antidepresan olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. (20)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Yurdumuzun bitkileri de, hayvanlar\u0131 da hastal\u0131k etkeniyle sava\u015f\u0131yor<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Anadolu\u2019da \u00e7ak\u0131rdikeni olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan Centaurea drabifolia subsp. detonsa <\/em>bitkisinin \u00e7i\u00e7eklerinin kaynat\u0131lmas\u0131yla elde edilen \u00e7ay\u0131 s\u0131tma hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tedavisinde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. (5) S\u0131tma hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yok edilmesi amac\u0131yla sulak alanlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 kurutma gibi yanl\u0131\u015f bir karar\u0131 alarak Anadolu\u2019nun \u00e7\u00f6lle\u015fme s\u00fcrecine katk\u0131da bulunanlar, acaba s\u0131tma hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 endemik bir bitkimizin varoldu\u011funu bilselerdi bu karar\u0131 yine de al\u0131rlar m\u0131yd\u0131? Demek ki onlar Anadolu\u2019nun kendi dertlerine derman bir yurt oldu\u011funu ke\u015ffedecek derecede endemik bitkilerini tan\u0131m\u0131yorlard\u0131. Sadece endemik bitkiler de\u011fil, endemik hayvanlar\u0131m\u0131z da hastal\u0131k etkenlerine kar\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131labilir. D\u00fcnyada sadece Amanos Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019m\u0131zda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edilen endemik Eremiaphila dagi<\/em> adl\u0131 avc\u0131 b\u00f6ce\u011fimizin g\u00fcnde 20 dolay\u0131nda kene yiyebildi\u011fi ve K\u0131r\u0131m Kongo kanamal\u0131 ate\u015fine yol a\u00e7an kenelerin do\u011fal d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 oldu\u011fu tespit edilmi\u015ftir. Anadolu d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan gelen hastal\u0131k etkenlerine kar\u015f\u0131 da Anadolumuz endemik bitki ve hayvanlar\u0131yla sava\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Anadolu\u2019da \u00e7ok yayg\u0131n olarak yeti\u015fen endemik bir s\u00fctle\u011fen t\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcz olan Euphorbia anacampseros subsp. anacampseros<\/em> adl\u0131 bitkinin s\u00fct\u00fc Afyon\u2019un Kumalar Da\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6resinde, yaralar\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in haricen yaran\u0131n \u00fczerine s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. (13) Peki endemik s\u00fctle\u011fenin s\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc yaran\u0131za tatbik ettiniz, ama yaralar\u0131n\u0131z ge\u00e7medi. Hemen \u00fcmitsizli\u011fe kap\u0131lmay\u0131n, ge\u00e7meyen yaralardan sorumlu endemik bitkilerimiz bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu bitkimizi bulman\u0131z ve yaralar\u0131n\u0131za merhem yapman\u0131z i\u00e7in Anadolu\u2019nun di\u011fer bir y\u00f6resi olan kuzeydo\u011fu Anadolu\u2019ya gitmeniz gerekmektedir. \u00dclkemizin kuzeydo\u011fu Anadolu y\u00f6resinde yeti\u015fen, Erzurum, Kars, Ardahan, A\u011fr\u0131, Artvin ve Rize illerine endemik olan havac\u0131va otu Alkanna cordifolia<\/em> bitkisi, Ardahan y\u00f6resinde iyile\u015fmeyen yaralara merhem yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r: Bitkinin k\u00f6k k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 \u00c7\u0131ld\u0131r y\u00f6resinde tereya\u011f\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7ine konularak g\u00fcne\u015fte bekletilir. Haz\u0131rlanan bu kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m iyile\u015fmeyen yaralara s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. (21)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Salvia, sabla, \u015falva; yani \u201c\u015fifa veren\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Anadolu\u2019da \u00e7ok yayg\u0131n yeti\u015fen, \u201cyak\u0131 sablas\u0131\u201d veya \u201ckara \u015falva\u201d gibi y\u00f6resel adlar\u0131 olan Salvia crypthanta<\/em> adl\u0131 endemik ada\u00e7ay\u0131 bitkisinin yapraklar\u0131n\u0131n kaynat\u0131lmas\u0131yla Aksaray\u2019\u0131n Nizip y\u00f6resinde elde edilen \u00e7ay\u0131 mide a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 ve so\u011fuk alg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in i\u00e7ilir. (6) Binlerce y\u0131ldan beri Salvia<\/em> t\u00fcrleri Anadolu\u2019da sa\u011fl\u0131k kavram\u0131 ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirilmi\u015flerdir. Bitkinin bilimsel cins ad\u0131 olan Salvia <\/em>Latince bir isim olup anlam\u0131 \u201c\u015fifa veren\u201d demektir. Antik D\u00f6nem\u2019deki Salvia<\/em> ismi yukar\u0131daki endemik bitki isminden de g\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fi gibi Anadolu insan\u0131nca h\u00e2l\u00e2 sabla, \u015fabla <\/strong>ve \u015falva<\/strong> gibi adlarla devam ettirilmektedir. Sa\u011fl\u0131k da\u011f\u0131tan endemik bitkilerimiz ayn\u0131 zamanda binlerce y\u0131ldan bu yana Anadolu insan\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel s\u00fcreklili\u011fini de g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

Salvia<\/em> t\u00fcrlerinde oldu\u011fu gibi \u00fclkemiz endemik s\u0131\u011f\u0131rkuyru\u011fu bitkileri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da olduk\u00e7a zengindir. Bu bitkilerden bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc de insan\u0131m\u0131zca ila\u00e7 yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Genelde bu bitki t\u00fcrlerine ada\u00e7ay\u0131n\u0131 and\u0131ran isimler verilmezken, d\u00fcnyada sadece Adana ve Kayseri y\u00f6resinde yeti\u015fen endemik s\u0131\u011f\u0131rkuyru\u011fu Verbascum luridiflorum<\/em>\u2019a bir istisna uygulanarak t\u0131bbi \u00f6zelli\u011finden dolay\u0131, y\u00f6resel ad olarak \u201c\u015falba \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi\u201d ad\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir. Bu nadir bitkimizin \u00e7i\u00e7eklerinin kaynat\u0131lmas\u0131 suretiyle yap\u0131lan \u00e7ay\u0131 ta\u015f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. (3)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ada\u00e7ay\u0131 kad\u0131nd\u0131r; adam\u0131 iyi de eder, hasta da\u2026<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Salvia<\/em> isminden de g\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fi \u00fczere bu bitki t\u00fcrlerimizin cins ismi kad\u0131ns\u0131d\u0131r. Binlerce y\u0131ldan beri bitkilerden ila\u00e7lar\u0131 dam\u0131tan kad\u0131nlar olmu\u015f, halk ila\u00e7lar\u0131 da Anadolu kad\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nitekim Hitit uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sal<\/strong> kad\u0131n determinatifidir ve di\u015fili\u011fi i\u015faret eder. Orkide t\u00fcrlerimizden elde edilerek so\u011fuk alg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7ilen salep<\/strong> i\u00e7ece\u011fi de adland\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Eski\u00e7a\u011flardan ve sa\u011falt\u0131c\u0131 kad\u0131nlardan al\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Anadolu kad\u0131nlar\u0131nca giyilen \u201cyalvar\u201d giysisinin de kayna\u011f\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7e olmay\u0131p tahminimizce binlerce y\u0131l \u00f6ncesindeki Anadolu dillerine dayanmaktad\u0131r. Salvia<\/em> t\u00fcrlerimizin kad\u0131nlarla ili\u015fkisini yine bir ba\u015fka endemik bitkimizin y\u00f6resel isminde g\u00f6rebiliriz: \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu illerimizde yayg\u0131n olarak yeti\u015fen Salvia dichoroantha<\/em> adl\u0131 endemik ada\u00e7ay\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcze Sivas y\u00f6resinde \u201ck\u0131zlar y\u00fclmesi\u201d denir. Yine ba\u015fka bir ada\u00e7ay\u0131 olan Salvia virgata<\/em>\u2019ya Bal\u0131kesir y\u00f6resinde \u201cFatma ana otu\u201d denilmektedir. (11)<\/p>\n

Anadolu\u2019nun her taraf\u0131ndan her y\u0131l yeni ve lokal endemik ada\u00e7ay\u0131 t\u00fcrleri f\u0131\u015fk\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte size taptaze bir haber; 2009 y\u0131l\u0131 \u015eubat ay\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanan bir makalede, Kahramanmara\u015f\u2019\u0131n Ah\u0131r Da\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6resinin bir k\u00f6y\u00fcnde ke\u015ffedilen ada\u00e7ay\u0131m\u0131zla ilgili bilgiler \u00fclkemize olan sevgimizi ve heyecan\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 bir kat daha artt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: Ho\u015fgeldin Mara\u015f ada\u00e7ay\u0131 Salvia maraschica<\/em>, \u015feref verdin. (22)<\/p>\n

Kad\u0131nlar, ada\u00e7ay\u0131ndan yapt\u0131klar\u0131 ila\u00e7larla her zaman hastalar\u0131 tedavi etmezler, bazen de adam\u0131 hasta ederler. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Anadolusu\u2019nun bitirim delikanl\u0131lar\u0131 e\u011fer g\u00fczel bir bayana \u201chastay\u0131m sana\u201d diyorsa, \u015fa\u015f\u0131rmay\u0131n, bu garip deyim delikanl\u0131n\u0131n o kad\u0131na \u00e2\u015f\u0131k oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Roma D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde a\u015fk\u0131ndan deliye d\u00f6nen ve garip hareketlerde bulunarak hasta gibi davranan erkeklere salax <\/strong>denirdi. (23) Bu deyim Rumca\u2019ya saloz<\/strong> olarak ge\u00e7mi\u015f, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi\u2019nin o me\u015fhur kelimesi salak<\/strong> da bu tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7ten s\u00fcz\u00fclerek gelmi\u015ftir. Bu bilgilerden hareketle Salvia<\/em> t\u00fcrlerinin Anadolu k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerinde \u00e7ok derin etkiler b\u0131rakan bitkiler oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Neolitik \u00c7a\u011f\u2019la birlikte kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ve anayanl\u0131 inanc\u0131n \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131nda \u015falva (\u015fabla) t\u00fcrlerimizin \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli roller oynam\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131, hatta bu bitkiyle b\u00fcy\u00fc ve dinsel uygulamalar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 \u00e7ok muhtemeldir. \u015eu anda elimizde sadece dilbilim a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bunun kan\u0131tlar\u0131 bulunmakla birlikte, arkeolojik kaz\u0131 ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar s\u00fcrd\u00fck\u00e7e, bilinmeyen Anadolu dilleri \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcld\u00fck\u00e7e, ada\u00e7ay\u0131 bitkisinin b\u00fcy\u00fc ve dini ama\u00e7larla kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin verilere rastlamam\u0131z mutlaka beklenmelidir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Endemik a\u011fu bitkisi, hem\u015ferilerini her y\u00f6nden kollar<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyada sadece Mu\u011fla ve Antalya illerine endemik olan, bilimsel nitelemesini Roma D\u00f6nemi\u2019nin \u00fcnl\u00fc Adanal\u0131 hekimi Dioscoridis\u2019ten alan, yeti\u015fti\u011fi y\u00f6relerde \u201ca\u011f\u0131, a\u011fu, pabu\u00e7a\u011fusu\u201d gibi adlarla an\u0131lan Arum dioscoridis var. spectabile<\/em>\u2019nin meyveleri g\u00fcnde bir adet yutulmak suretiyle Bodrum y\u00f6resinde mayas\u0131l tedavisinde kullan\u0131l\u0131r, olgun meyveleri her sabah a\u00e7 karn\u0131na bir adet yutularak basur hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r; yapraklar\u0131 kaynat\u0131l\u0131p a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131 yerlere konularak romatizma a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 gidermede kullan\u0131l\u0131r, meyveleri romatizma a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 giderici olarak g\u00fcnde bir kez yutulur; gene meyveleri g\u00fcnde 1 kez yutularak egzama tedavisinde kullan\u0131l\u0131r; yumrusu kurutulup toz edildikten sonra akrep sokmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 kaynat\u0131l\u0131p i\u00e7ilir. (24) G\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fi gibi endemik a\u011fu bitkisi yeti\u015fti\u011fi y\u00f6relerin insan\u0131n\u0131 her y\u00f6n\u00fcyle koruyup kollayan bir bitkidir; ne de olsa endemik olman\u0131n gere\u011fidir hem\u015feri dayan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131.<\/p>\n

Adana\u2019n\u0131n Antik Anavarza \u015eehri\u2019nde MS 1. y\u00fczy\u0131lda do\u011fup ya\u015fayan Dioscorides adl\u0131 hekim Materia Medica<\/em> adl\u0131 eserinde 500 kadar t\u0131bbi bitki ve kullan\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 anlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Acaba Adanal\u0131 hem\u015ferimiz Dioscorides\u2019in ila\u00e7 kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak tespit etti\u011fi bitkilerden ka\u00e7\u0131 endemik idi, bu bitkilerden g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015famadan yok olan ka\u00e7 bitki vard\u0131, yok olarak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015famayan endemik Anadolu bitkileri acaba g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn hangi hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na derman olabilecekti; AIDS, K\u0131r\u0131m Kongo kanamal\u0131 ate\u015fi, kanser, stres?.. Acaba \u015fu anda ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lan sulak, tuzcul, alpin, step veya kumul bir nadir ekosistemde yok edilen, t\u0131bbi \u00f6zellikleri bilinmeyen lokal endemik bitki ve hayvanlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ortadan kalkmas\u0131yla gelecekte ka\u00e7 milyon insan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne veya sakat kalmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7\u0131yoruz? Bunu \u015fu anda bilebilmemiz m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil, ancak nadir endemik canl\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 korumam\u0131z i\u00e7in onlar\u0131n mutlaka t\u0131bbi \u00f6zelliklere ve ila\u00e7 potansiyeline sahip olmalar\u0131 da gerekmez; onlar bu topraklara \u00f6zellik kazand\u0131ran, Anadolu\u2019yu Anadolu yapan zenginliklerimizdir; ila\u00e7 hammaddesi i\u00e7ermeseler de emsalsiz endamlar\u0131, e\u015fi bulunmaz \u00e7i\u00e7ekleri ve ayaklar\u0131m\u0131za sar\u0131lan dikenleriyle bu topraklar\u0131n as\u0131l sahipleridirler.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

NOT:<\/strong> Yukar\u0131daki yaz\u0131, hasta insanlar\u0131m\u0131za kesinlikle t\u0131bbi bir \u00f6neri niteli\u011finde olmay\u0131p, sadece Anadolu\u2019nun nadir bitkilerinin yerel halk taraf\u0131ndan etnobotanik bilimi kapsam\u0131nda halk ilac\u0131 yap\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymak i\u00e7in yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu edilen bitkilerin t\u0131bbi uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n mutlaka t\u0131p ve ila\u00e7 bilimi gibi sa\u011fl\u0131k alanlar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan yetkin bilim unsurlar\u0131nca teyit ve onay\u0131 al\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra bu uzmanlar\u0131n denetiminde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

D\u0130PNOT VE KAYNAKLAR<\/strong><\/p>\n

1) Turhan Baytop, \u201cT\u00fcrkiyede T\u0131bbi ve Kokulu Bitkilerin Kullan\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131na Tarihsel Bir Bak\u0131\u015f\u201d, T\u0131bbi ve Aromatik Bitkiler B\u00fclteni<\/em>, Temmuz 1994, Say\u0131:10.<\/p>\n

2) K. H\u00fcsn\u00fc Can Ba\u015fer, \u201cZeytin Yapra\u011f\u0131\u201d, Ba\u011fbah\u00e7e Dergisi<\/em>, May\u0131s-Haziran 2007.<\/p>\n

3) Yavuz Ba\u011fc\u0131, \u201cAlada\u011flar, Kayseri-Yahyal\u0131 ve \u00c7evresinin Etnobotanik \u00d6zellikleri\u201d, Ot Dergisi<\/em>, 2000\/1.<\/p>\n

4) Ali Duran, Fatih Sat\u0131l, G\u00fclendam T\u00fcmen; \u201cBal\u0131kesir Y\u00f6resinde Yenen Yabani Meyveler ve Etnobotanik \u00d6zellikleri\u201d, Ot Sistematik Botanik Dergisi<\/em>, 2001\/1.<\/p>\n

5) A. Kahraman, A. Tatl\u0131; \u201cUmurbaba Da\u011f\u0131 (E\u015fme-U\u015fak) ve \u00c7evresindeki Baz\u0131 Bitkilerin Mahalli Adlar\u0131 ve Etnobotanik \u00d6zellikleri\u201d, Ot Sistematik Botanik Dergisi<\/em>, 2004\/2.<\/p>\n

6) Meryem \u00d6zt\u00fcrk, Muhittin Din\u00e7; \u201cNizip (Aksaray) B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nin Etnobotanik \u00d6zellikleri\u201d, Ot Sistematik Botanik Dergisi<\/em>, 2005\/1.<\/p>\n

7) Mustafa Keskin, Kerim Alp\u0131nar; \u201cK\u0131\u015flak (Yaylada\u011f\u0131-Hatay) Hakk\u0131nda Etnobotanik Bir Ara\u015ft\u0131rma\u201d, Ot Sistematik Botanik Dergisi<\/em>, 2002\/2, s.91.<\/p>\n

8) Kaynak: Nurten Ezer, \u00d6yk\u00fc Mumcu Ar\u0131san; \u201cMerzifon Y\u00f6resinde Halk \u0130la\u00e7lar\u0131\u201d, T\u00fcrk Botanik Dergisi<\/em>, 2006\/2.<\/p>\n

9) Ellen Dugan, Bitkisel B\u00fcy\u00fc<\/em>, \u00c7ev: Selim Yeni\u00e7eri, Shambala Kitaplar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2008.<\/p>\n

10) G\u00f6khan Abay, Ayhan K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7; \u201cP\u00fcrenbeleni ve Yan\u0131ktepe (Mersin) Y\u00f6relerindeki Baz\u0131 Bitkilerin Y\u00f6resel Adlar\u0131 ve Etnobotanik \u00d6zellikleri\u201d, Ot Sistematik Botanik Dergisi<\/em>, 2001\/2.<\/p>\n

11) Ertan Tuzlac\u0131; T\u00fcrkiye Bitkileri S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/em>, Alfa Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2006.<\/p>\n

12) \u015eenay S\u00f6nmez, Bal\u0131kesir \u00dcniversitesi, y\u00fckseklisans tezi.<\/p>\n

13) Ekrem Ak\u00e7i\u00e7ek, Mecit Vural; \u201cKumalar Da\u011f\u0131 (Afyon) ve \u00c7evresindeki Baz\u0131 Bitkilerin Y\u00f6resel Adlar\u0131 ve Etnobotanik \u00d6zellikleri\u201d, Ot Sistematik Botanik Dergisi<\/em>, 2003\/2.<\/p>\n

14) Deniz Gezgin, Bitki Mitoslar\u0131<\/em>, Sel Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, \u0130stanbul, 2007.<\/p>\n

15) Jak Yakar, \u00c7ev: Selen H\u0131r\u00e7\u0131n Riegel, Anadolu\u2019nun Etnoarkeolojisi<\/em>, Homer Kitabevi, \u0130stanbul, 2007.<\/p>\n

16) Erdal Do\u011fan, Hitit Hukuku<\/em>, G\u00fcncel Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, 2008.<\/p>\n

17) Johannes Friedrich, Hethitischer Keilschrift-Lesebuch<\/em>, Carl-Winter Universitaetverlag, Heidelberg, 1960.<\/p>\n

18) Muazzez \u0130lmiye \u00c7\u0131\u011f, Hititler ve Hattu\u015fa<\/em>, Kaynak Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2008.<\/p>\n

19) Cenk Durmu\u015fkahya; \u201cKantaron\u201d, T\u00dcB\u0130TAK Bilim ve Teknik Dergisi<\/em>, Haziran 2005 say\u0131s\u0131.<\/p>\n

20) Cumhuriyet Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi<\/em>, Say\u0131:1096, 21.03.2008 tarihli n\u00fcsha.<\/p>\n

21) Gen\u00e7ay Akg\u00fcl, \u201c\u00c7\u0131ld\u0131r (Ardahan) ve \u00c7evresinde Bulunan Baz\u0131 Do\u011fal Bitkilerin Yerel Adlar\u0131 ve Etnobotanik \u00d6zellikleri\u201d, Ot Sistematik Botanik Dergisi<\/em>, 2007\/1.<\/p>\n

22) Ahmet \u0130\u00e7im, Ferhat Celep, Musa Do\u011fan; \u201cSalvia maraschica, a new species from Turkey\u201d, Annual Bot. Fennici<\/em>, Vol: 46, Helsinki, 27 February 2009.<\/p>\n

23) Asuman Albayrak, \u00dclk\u00fc M. Solak, Ahmet Uhri; Hitit Mutfa\u011f\u0131<\/em>, Metro K\u00fclt\u00fcr Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2008.<\/p>\n

24) Ertan Tuzlac\u0131, Bodrum\u2019da Bitkiler ve Ya\u015fam<\/em>, G\u00fczel Sanatlar Matbaas\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2005.<\/p>\n

25) Tuna Ekim, Mehmet Koyuncu, Hayri Duman, Zeki Ayta\u00e7, Nezaket Ad\u0131g\u00fczel; T\u00fcrkiye Bitkileri K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 Kitab\u0131 <\/em>(E\u011frelti ve Tohumlu Bitkiler<\/em>), T\u00fcrkiye Tabiat\u0131n\u0131 Koruma Derne\u011fi, Van 100. Y\u0131l \u00dcniversitesi, Ankara, 2000.<\/p>\n

26) P. H. Davis, Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands<\/em>, Edinburg at the University Press, 1969.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Anadolu halk\u0131, dertlerine derman\u0131 binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r bitkilerinde bulur. Zeytin yapra\u011f\u0131 \u015fekere iyi gelir, aks\u00f6\u011f\u00fct a\u011fac\u0131 iltihapl\u0131 yaralara\u2026 K\u0131z\u0131l\u00e7am ba\u011f\u0131rsak d\u00fczenler, al\u0131\u00e7 sakinle\u015ftirir\u2026Kekik hem mide rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r, hem \u00f6ks\u00fcr\u00fck, nefes darl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bron\u015fitte\u2026Sar\u0131msak enfeksiyona kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelede ve tansiyon d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmekte\u2026\u00c7ak\u015f\u0131r cinsel g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fckte kullan\u0131l\u0131r, kantaron ruhsal g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fckte… A\u011fu otu ise hem\u015ferilerini her y\u00f6nden kollar: Basurda, romatizma a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131nda, egzamada […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":672,"featured_media":9855,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[100,217,38],"tags":[645,572,425],"class_list":["post-9854","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-62-sayi","category-cevre-bilimleri","category-dergi-sayilari","tag-bitki","tag-endemik","tag-saglik"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t