{"id":9872,"date":"2011-03-01T18:49:39","date_gmt":"2011-03-01T16:49:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.232.216.219\/~bilimvegelecek\/?p=9872"},"modified":"2017-05-21T19:11:02","modified_gmt":"2017-05-21T16:11:02","slug":"katherine-mansfieldin-dunyasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2011\/03\/01\/katherine-mansfieldin-dunyasi","title":{"rendered":"Katherine Mansfield\u2019in d\u00fcnyas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Katherine Mansfield i\u00e7in yazarl\u0131k ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131. Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 el\"\" verdi\u011fince \u00f6zg\u00fcrce ya\u015fad\u0131 ve yap\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturdu. Korktu\u011fu pek olmad\u0131, hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 hedeflerine ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 en az\u0131ndan bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde engelleyemedi. G\u00fcncesine yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi onun i\u00e7in ama\u00e7 buydu: \u201cYa\u015famak, \u2018yazar\u2019 olmak yeter. Az \u00f6nce masam\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda otururken, birisinin, birisine g\u00fcl\u00fcmseyerek elini uzatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, onunla konu\u015ftu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. Birden yumru\u011fumu s\u0131k\u0131p masan\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne vurdum. \u2018Bundan daha de\u011ferli bir \u015fey olamaz!\u2019 diye ba\u011f\u0131rd\u0131m.\u201d <\/em><\/p>\n

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Mansfield ailesi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"\"
Karde\u015fler: Katherine, Jeanne ve Leslie Mansfield<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Katherine Mansfield Beauchamp (1888-1923) Yeni Zelanda Wellington do\u011fumludur. \u00d6nceleri h\u0131rsl\u0131 bir t\u00fcccar, sonra birka\u00e7 firmada y\u00f6netici ve daha sonra Yeni Zelanda bankas\u0131nda m\u00fcd\u00fcr olan baba Harold ve g\u00fczel, zarif, ailesine d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcn anne Annie Burnell\u2019in \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc k\u0131z\u0131d\u0131r. Aile ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgenin se\u00e7kin kesimindendir. Katherine Mansfield ilk \u00f6yk\u00fc denemelerini okul ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Yeni Zelanda\u2019da on on bir ya\u015flar\u0131nda yazmaya ba\u015flar. 1903\u2019de ailesiyle Londra\u2019ya gider. Mansfield 1903-1906 aras\u0131 \u0130ngiltere\u2019de Queen\u2019s College\u2019de e\u011fitim g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Daha sonra yeniden Yeni Zelanda\u2019ya d\u00f6nmek zorunda kal\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fte olduk\u00e7a isteksizdir. Belli ki ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeri k\u00fclt\u00fcr a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a k\u0131s\u0131r bulmaktad\u0131r. En b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131z karde\u015fi Vera Beauchamp\u2019a Mart sonlar\u0131 1908\u2019de \u015funlar\u0131 yazar: \u201c\u015eimdi elden geldik\u00e7e kendimizi geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in d\u00fcnyaya geldi\u011fimizi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum -elbette senin de- ve burada ger\u00e7ekten geli\u015fimin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc yok -entelekt\u00fcel toplum yok- herhangi birini bulma umudu da yok.\u201d (1) 21 Ekim 1907\u2019de g\u00fcncesine kendinden \u00fcst\u00fcn kimselerle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmek istedi\u011fini ve son derece mutsuz oldu\u011funu yazar. (2) \u0130ngiltere\u2019ye d\u00f6nme iste\u011fi duyar, kendini geli\u015ftirme \u00e7abalar\u0131na pek destek vermeyen ailesine kar\u015f\u0131 olduk\u00e7a tepkilidir. Hem ailesine hem de k\u00fclt\u00fcr a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan verimsiz g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Yeni Zelanda\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 olumsuz duygular beslemektedir. Y\u0131llar sonra G\u00fcney Afrika\u2019l\u0131 romanc\u0131 ve tarih\u00e7i Sarah Gertrude Millin\u2019a 1922 Mart\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Paris\u2019ten yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 mektupta bir s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeli olarak yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na gittikten sonra Yeni Zelanda\u2019ya d\u00f6nme iste\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir. Ancak vereme yakalan\u0131p insanlardan kopmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tutumunun de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini yeniden Yeni Zelanda\u2019ya d\u00f6nme \u00f6zlemi duydu\u011funu dile getirir. (3)<\/p>\n

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Mansfield\u2019in ilk kitab\u0131<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Mansfield ilk \u00f6yk\u00fclerini 1907\u2019de Melbourne\u2019da \u00e7\u0131kan The Native Companion<\/em>\u2019da yay\u0131nlad\u0131. 1908\u2019de bir daha d\u00f6nmemek \u00fczere Londra\u2019ya gitti. 1911\u2019de ilk kitab\u0131 In A German Pension <\/em>(Alman Pansiyonu) yay\u0131nland\u0131. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ilk anda \u00f6nemli bir sat\u0131\u015f ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi. Ancak Mansfield bu kitab\u0131 acemilik d\u00f6neminin bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Bu y\u00fczden Alman Pansiyonu<\/em>\u2019na sonradan gelen yeniden basma tekliflerine olumsuz yan\u0131t verdi. Mansfield\u2019in bu kitapla ilgili daha sonradan rahats\u0131z olaca\u011f\u0131 bir konu kababi\u00e7imci bir yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 benimsemesiydi. Genelde pansiyonda ge\u00e7en \u00f6yk\u00fclerde Almanlar\u0131n s\u00fcrekli kabasabal\u0131klar\u0131yla verilmeleri abart\u0131l\u0131 bir yakla\u015f\u0131md\u0131. \u00d6yk\u00fcleri bu \u00fcslupta yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in rahats\u0131z olmu\u015ftu. Oysa o d\u00f6nemde sevgilisi sonradan kocas\u0131 olacak olan ki\u015fiye, dergi edit\u00f6r\u00fc ve yazar John Middleton Murry\u2019e yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 15 May\u0131s 1915 tarihli mektup ilgin\u00e7tir. Bu mektupta onun d\u00fcnyaya daha evrensel bir bak\u0131\u015fla bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz: \u201cAyaktak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n konular\u0131 ele al\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere ve Almanya aras\u0131nda bir ayr\u0131l\u0131k yok -yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde herhangi bir ulus aras\u0131nda ayr\u0131l\u0131k yok-. Onlar\u0131n hepsi e\u015fit \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde tiksindiricidir.\u201d (4) Ancak \u00f6nyarg\u0131l\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde Almanlar\u0131n kaba tutumlar\u0131n\u0131 ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk kitab\u0131nda anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabal\u0131klar\u0131n en masumu The Modern Soul <\/em>(Modern Ruh) \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcnde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Kurtlu kirazlar\u0131 yemekte sak\u0131nca g\u00f6rmeyen Herr Profes\u00f6r kiraz ikram\u0131 geri \u00e7evrilince \u015funu s\u00f6yler: \u201cBiri do\u011fal arzular\u0131n\u0131 tatmin etmek isterse do\u011fa olgular\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmezden gelecek kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olmal\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d (5) Kitapta Almanlar\u0131n bir\u00e7ok yersiz davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 ortaya konulmu\u015ftur. Mansfield bu kitab\u0131nda gen\u00e7li\u011finin deneyimsizli\u011fiyle \u00e7ok d\u00fcz bir bak\u0131\u015fla \u00f6yk\u00fclerini yazm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir. Ancak bu kitab\u0131ndaki \u00f6yk\u00fcler i\u00e7inde The Child-Who-Was-Tired <\/em>(Yorgun-D\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f-\u00c7ocuk) \u015fiirsel anlat\u0131m\u0131yla biraz \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar. Kitapta \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktan yorgun d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f olan bak\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7ocu\u011fun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc \u015fuydu: \u201cBelki her iki yan\u0131nda kara a\u011fa\u00e7l\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck beyaz bir yolun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyordu, hi\u00e7bir yere g\u00f6t\u00fcrmeyen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yolun.\u201d (6) Mansfield bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc de\u011fi\u015fik bi\u00e7imde yineler. Bu \u00e7ocu\u011fun ortaya koydu\u011fu \u00e7aba ya\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6re a\u011f\u0131r gelmi\u015ftir. Mansfield \u00e7ocu\u011fun yorgun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc ona ya\u015fatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fle \u00e7ok g\u00fczel yans\u0131t\u0131r: \u201c\u2018\u015e\u015f\u015f, \u015e\u015f\u015f, \u015e\u015f\u015f\u2019 Bir zamanlar o k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck beyaz bir yol boyunca y\u00fcr\u00fcyordu ah\u2019la, b\u00f6ylesine koca b\u00fcy\u00fck kara a\u011fa\u00e7lar her iki yan\u0131nda.\u201d (7) \u00c7ocu\u011fun \u00f6zlemini bu kadar g\u00fczel dile getiren Mansfield, \u00f6yk\u00fcn\u00fcn sonunda ayn\u0131 \u00e7ocu\u011fa evin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 bo\u011fdurtur. Bu kadar insani d\u00fc\u015fler kuran bir \u00e7ocu\u011fun b\u00f6yle bir cinayeti i\u015flemesi \u00f6yk\u00fcde \u00e7ok kaba ve abart\u0131l\u0131 durmaktad\u0131r. Mansfield ilk kitab\u0131yla ilgili olarak kendine y\u00f6neltti\u011fi ele\u015ftirilerde hi\u00e7 de haks\u0131z say\u0131lmaz. Mansfield\u2019in daha nitelikli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 uzun bir aradan sonra \u00e7\u0131kacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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\u0130nsan ili\u015fkilerinde maskelilik<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

1911\u2019in Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda Mansfield\u2019in d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndaki \u00f6nemli olay Rhythm <\/em>dergisinin edit\u00f6r\u00fc Murry\u2019le tan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. Onlar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerine yol a\u00e7an Mansfield\u2019in dergiye yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 katk\u0131lard\u0131r. Murry\u2019le birlikteyken edebiyat d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndan \u00e7e\u015fitli ki\u015filerle tan\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin 1913\u2019de yazar D. H. Lawrence\u2019\u0131 ve onun sevgilisi Frieda Weekley\u2019i tan\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Murry ve Mansfield iki sevgilinin dalgal\u0131 ili\u015fkilerine tan\u0131k olurlar. Onlar\u0131n \u00e7alkant\u0131l\u0131 ili\u015fkileri Murry ve Mansfield\u2019i rahats\u0131z etse de uzunca bir d\u00f6nem onlarla arkada\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcrler. 1915 Ekim\u2019inde Mansfield karde\u015fini Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda yitirir. Tek erkek karde\u015fiyle ili\u015fkisi olduk\u00e7a yak\u0131n oldu\u011fundan Mansfield bu olay\u0131n sonucunda bir \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fc ya\u015far. 1917\u2019de Mansfield bir s\u00fcre \u00fcnl\u00fc yazar Virginia Woolf\u2019la arkada\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr. Woolf gibi yazarlarla yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayd\u0131nca sohbetlerden ho\u015flanmaktad\u0131r. Yine de insan ili\u015fkilerinde temkinlidir, insan\u0131n kendini kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki ki\u015fiden belli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde korumas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi fikrindedir. J. M. Murry\u2019e bu konuda 1917 Temmuz sonlar\u0131nda \u015funlar\u0131 yazar: \u201cTekba\u015f\u0131na olmak korkun\u00e7 bir \u015fey -evet \u00f6yle- ancak alttan haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n bir ba\u015fka maskeye sahip olana kadar maskeni indirme -istedi\u011fin kadar korkun\u00e7- ama bir maske.\u201d (8) Elbette her insan maskelidir, ancak Mansfield belli ki insan ili\u015fkilerinde olduk\u00e7a kendini sak\u0131n\u0131r durumdad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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Katherine Mansfield ve John Murry.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"\"
Katherine Mansfield 1904\u2019de.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Yazar Leonard Woolf Mansfield\u2019de maskelili\u011fe dikkat \u00e7ekmesine kar\u015f\u0131n onda olumlu \u00f6zellikler de bulur. Woolf Mansfield\u2019i Beginning Again<\/em>\u2019de (1964) \u015f\u00f6yle tan\u0131tlar: \u201cSan\u0131r\u0131m o benden ho\u015flanmasa da ben ondan ho\u015fland\u0131m. Maskeli gibi bir y\u00fcz\u00fc vard\u0131 ve Murry\u2019den daha s\u00fcrekli olarak d\u00fc\u015fman sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fcnyaya kar\u015f\u0131 kendini savunmada g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyordu\u2026 Do\u011fu\u015ftan san\u0131r\u0131m ne\u015feli, alayc\u0131, ahlakd\u0131\u015f\u0131, a\u011fz\u0131 bozuk, \u015fakac\u0131yd\u0131. Onu ilk g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczde, ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc e\u011flenceliydi. Bug\u00fcnlerde beni herhangi birinin onun g\u00fcld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden daha \u00e7ok g\u00fcld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc sanm\u0131yorum.\u201d (9) Mansfield\u2019in insanlara sak\u0131n\u0131k yakla\u015fmakla birlikte sevgiyle de y\u00f6neldi\u011fi mektuplar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Zaman zaman zorlu hastal\u0131k d\u00f6nemlerinde onunla kalan yak\u0131n arkada\u015f\u0131 Ida Baker\u2019a g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi olumsuz tutumu bir yana b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rsa arkada\u015flar\u0131na da sevgiyle ve a\u00e7\u0131k bir bi\u00e7imde y\u00f6nelmi\u015f oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. O insans\u0131z ya\u015faman\u0131n anlams\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 26 Temmuz 1918 tarihli mektubunda ressam arkada\u015f\u0131 Dorothy Brett\u2019e \u015f\u00f6yle yazar: \u201c\u0130nsanlardan nefret etmek istemem: onlar\u0131 sevmek isterim. \u0130nsanlara inanc\u0131m\u0131 yitirirsem arkalar\u0131ndan ko\u015fmak ve \u015f\u00f6yle hayk\u0131rmak isterim: \u2018Oh, l\u00fctfen size inanc\u0131m\u0131 yitirdim: herhangi bir yerde, onu herhangi bir yerde g\u00f6rd\u00fcn\u00fcz m\u00fc? Bana geri verin onu: Herhangi bir \u015fey ad\u0131na onsuz ben olmayacakt\u0131m!\u2019 Ama belki bu sana \u00e7ocuk\u00e7a geliyor.\u201d (10)<\/p>\n

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\u0130nsana olan umut<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Mansfield elbette yazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015famdan beslenerek geli\u015ftiriyordu. Bu noktada Murry\u2019le olan a\u015fklar\u0131 ve ayd\u0131n insanlar olarak dostluklar\u0131 onu geli\u015ftiriyordu. 2 Nisan 1920\u2019de ona \u015f\u00f6yle der: \u201cSeni ve beni i\u015f\u00e7iler, yazarlar olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeyi nas\u0131l seviyorum- iki yarat\u0131k kendini sanata verdi. Ben Sanat\u0131 A\u015fktan ya da Ya\u015famdan daha \u00fcst bir yere yerle\u015ftirmem. Ben onlar\u0131 ayr\u0131 \u015feyler olarak g\u00f6remiyorum. Onlar birbirini y\u00f6netiyor.\u201d (11) Bu noktada Mansfield\u2019in dile getirdi\u011fi \u015fey ya\u015famdan korkmadan y\u00fcreklice ya\u015famakt\u0131. \u00d6b\u00fcr t\u00fcrl\u00fc bir ya\u015fam insana daha \u00e7ok y\u00fck getirecektir. Bu noktada kararl\u0131 ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrce isteklerinin pe\u015finden giden insan Mansfiel\u2019in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde de\u011ferlidir. Bu konuda soylu \u00e7evrelerden arkada\u015f\u0131 Ottoline Morell\u2019e \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yler: \u201cAh, ancak senin gibi mutluluk ad\u0131na i\u00e7 \u00e7ekiyorum – s\u00fcrekli ortakla\u015fman\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olmayan d\u00fcnya ad\u0131na. S\u00fcrekli bu savunma \u00fczerine kurulu ya\u015famak -nas\u0131l yorucudur! Neden insanlar daha \u00f6zg\u00fcrce ve daha vah\u015fice ya\u015famas\u0131nlar. Ama hay\u0131r onlar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck saks\u0131lardaki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bitkiler gibi y\u0131llar y\u0131llar \u00f6nce bir bah\u00e7eden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131 gereken kendini be\u011fenmi\u015flik i\u00e7inde. Ama onlar bir raf\u0131n \u00fczerinde ya\u015fam\u0131 ye\u011flerler -g\u00fcne\u015fin ve r\u00fczgar\u0131n t\u00fcm g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda- herbiri kendi i\u00e7inde s\u0131k\u0131 ve ahbapl\u0131klar\u0131ndan uzakta. Ama Korku, G\u00fcvensizlik, \u00dcrkeklik, Kendini Be\u011fenmi\u015flik -kesin olarak birinin herhangi bir bah\u00e7ede bulaca\u011f\u0131ndan daha korkun\u00e7 kurtlar. -Ancak umudumu kesmem -kesemem- Ve burada bu kutsal, bulutsuz g\u00fcn \u00e7i\u00e7ek a\u00e7acak bir \u015feyleri bekliyor.\u201d (12) Mansfield zaman zaman karamsarl\u0131k g\u00f6sterse de insana olan umudunu hi\u00e7bir zaman yitirmez. O ya\u015famdan ka\u00e7masa da ya\u015fam\u0131ndaki en b\u00fcy\u00fck korkusu olan verem hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak onun pe\u015fini b\u0131rakmaz. B\u00fct\u00fcn korkular\u0131 hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015famdan beklentilerini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesini engellemesiyle ilgilidir. 19 \u015eubat 1918\u2019de g\u00fcncesine hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k yaz\u0131lar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u00fc bir yap\u0131t b\u0131rakamamaktan korktu\u011funu belirtir. (13)<\/p>\n

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\u201cSonsuza kadar ya\u015fa \u00c7ehov\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Onun amac\u0131 iyi bir yazar olmakt\u0131. Bu noktada beslendi\u011fi kaynaklardan biri \u0130ngiliz romantik \u015fiiridir. 20-21 May\u0131s tarihli mektubunda Murry\u2019e \u015funlar\u0131 yazar: \u201cAma ben Wordsworth ve k\u0131zkarde\u015fini ve Coleridge\u2019i anl\u0131yorum. Onlar de\u011fi\u015fmez -Onlar do\u011fru -Onlar dingin-\u201d (14) \u00d6zellikle yazar \u0130ngiliz romantik \u015fiirinin \u00f6nemli ad\u0131 Wordsworth\u2019u olduk\u00e7a seviyordu. \u00d6yk\u00fcc\u00fc olarak hastal\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ayn\u0131 yazg\u0131y\u0131 payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00c7ehov\u2019un hayran\u0131yd\u0131. O uzunlu k\u0131sal\u0131 \u00f6yk\u00fcler yazma iste\u011fini \u00c7ehov\u2019a bor\u00e7lu oldu\u011funu 21 A\u011fustos 1917\u2019de g\u00fcncesine yaz\u0131yordu. (15) Mansfield ayn\u0131 zamanda Rus yazar arkada\u015f\u0131 S. S. Koteliansk\u2019yle \u00c7ehov\u2019un mektuplar\u0131n\u0131 \u0130ngilizceye \u00e7evirdi. Mansfield \u00f6yk\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fckte \u00c7ehov\u2019dan olduk\u00e7a yararland\u0131. Mansfield i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli olan \u00f6\u011fretici olmak de\u011fil, sanat\u0131n\u0131 derli toplu aktarmakt\u0131. Bu noktada \u00c7ehov\u2019u de\u011ferli bulu\u015funu Koteliansky\u2019ye 6 Haziran 1919\u2019da \u015f\u00f6yle aktar\u0131yor: \u201cOnun Souverin\u2019e sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6deviyle ilgili son mektubunda \u2018sorun\u2019u ortaya koymakt\u0131r \u00e7\u00f6zmek de\u011fildir, ancak birini tamamen tatmin edecek bi\u00e7imde ortaya koymak bana okudu\u011fum en de\u011ferli \u015feylerden biri g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. O yeni bir d\u00fcnyay\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131yor, daha \u00e7ok onu ke\u015ffediyor. Sonsuza kadar ya\u015fa \u00c7ehov.\u201d (16) Mansfield\u2019in anlatmak istedi\u011fi yazar\u0131n insan\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fik y\u00f6nlerini al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir bak\u0131\u015fla vermesinin gereklili\u011fidir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Kad\u0131n-erkek ili\u015fkileri ve yabanc\u0131la\u015fma<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"
Katherine Mansfield ve John Murry<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"\"
D. H. Lawrence, Katherine Mansfield, Frieda Lawranve ve John Murry d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn t\u00f6renlerinde<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Mansfield bu anlamda daha \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir bak\u0131\u015fla olu\u015fturdu\u011fu ve en ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 kitaplar\u0131ndan biri olan Bliss and Other Stories<\/em>\u2019i (Kat\u0131ks\u0131z Mutluluk) 1920\u2019de \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Bu \u00f6yk\u00fc kitab\u0131nda \u00c7ehov\u2019un ilk \u00f6yk\u00fclerinin \u00fcslubuna benzer bi\u00e7imde k\u0131sa g\u00fcld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc \u00f6yk\u00fcler de vard\u0131r. Bu \u00f6yk\u00fclerden biri olan Feuille d\u2019Album<\/em>\u2019de ressam bir erke\u011fin kom\u015fusu olan bir kad\u0131nla tan\u0131\u015fma \u00e7abas\u0131 g\u00fcld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc bir bi\u00e7imde verilir. Mansfield\u2019de \u00c7ehov\u2019daki gibi toplumsal ele\u015ftiri yer almaz. \u0130nce bir \u00fcslupla insan ili\u015fkilerindeki durumlar yans\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r. Bu yap\u0131t\u0131ndaki ilgin\u00e7 \u00f6yk\u00fclerden biri Psychology<\/em>\u2019dir (Ruh Durumu). Bu \u00f6yk\u00fcde sevgilisinin ilgisizli\u011finden yak\u0131nan kad\u0131n\u0131n dalgal\u0131 ruh durumu \u00e7ok etkileyici bi\u00e7imde sergilenir: \u201c\u2018Sen beni yaralad\u0131n -beni yaralad\u0131n\u2019 dedi onun y\u00fcre\u011fi. \u2018Neden gitmezsin? Hay\u0131r, gitme. Kal. Hay\u0131r -git!\u2019 Ve o, geceye bakt\u0131. Ad\u0131mlar\u0131n g\u00fczel ini\u015fini, par\u0131ldayan sarma\u015f\u0131kla \u00e7\u0131nlayan karanl\u0131k bah\u00e7eyi, yolun \u00f6te yan\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131plak iri s\u00f6\u011f\u00fcd\u00fc ve onlar\u0131n \u00fczerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck ve parlak y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131yla g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Ama elbette o bunlar\u0131n hi\u00e7birini g\u00f6rmeyecekti. O b\u00fct\u00fcn onun \u00fcst\u00fcndeydi. E\u015fsiz \u2018ruhsal\u2019 g\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fcyle o.\u201d (17) Erkek bu \u00f6yk\u00fcde kad\u0131n ruhsall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yakalayamazken Mr. Reginald Peacock\u2019s Day <\/em>(Bay Reginald Peacock\u2019un G\u00fcn\u00fc) \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcnde bu durumun tam tersi ya\u015fan\u0131r. Erkek m\u00fczik hocas\u0131 \u00f6\u011frencilerinden g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu durumun verdi\u011fi mutlulu\u011fu hi\u00e7bir bi\u00e7imde e\u015finden g\u00f6remez. M\u00fczik hocas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda yatan e\u015fine olan yabanc\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 \u00f6yk\u00fcde \u015f\u00f6yle yans\u0131r: \u201cVe orada uykusunda bile bir d\u00fc\u015fman yat\u0131yor\u2026 B\u00f6yle mi olmak zorunda? diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc, \u015fampanya hen\u00fcz etkisini g\u00f6sterirken. Ah yaln\u0131zca arkada\u015f olsayd\u0131k, \u015fimdi ne kadar \u00e7ok \u015fey ona s\u00f6yleyebilirdim! Bu ak\u015famla ilgili; hatta Timbuck\u2019un bana davran\u0131\u015f\u0131yla ve onlar\u0131n bana s\u00f6yledikleri her \u015feyle ilgili ve ba\u015fka \u015feyler. Ke\u015fke geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmde onun burada oldu\u011funu ve ona g\u00fcvenebildi\u011fimi duysayd\u0131m ve ba\u015fka \u015feyler.\u201d (18)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00c7ocuklar\u0131 tan\u0131tlama g\u00fcc\u00fc<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"
Katherine Mansfield, hastal\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ayn\u0131 yazg\u0131y\u0131 payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6yk\u00fcc\u00fc \u00c7ehov\u2019un hayran\u0131yd\u0131.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Mansfield\u2019in bu kitab\u0131ndaki \u00f6yk\u00fclerinde yaln\u0131z kad\u0131n erkek ili\u015fkileri ele al\u0131nmaz. O \u00f6yk\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri \u00e7ocuklara da yer verir. Prelude <\/em>(Giri\u015f) bunlardan biridir. \u0130lkin Temmuz 1918\u2019de yay\u0131nlanan bu \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcnde \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n oyunlar\u0131n\u0131 da i\u015fler. Burada birka\u00e7 \u00e7ocuk \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcnde daha yer alacak olan Kezia, onun karde\u015fi ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n oyunlar\u0131 yer al\u0131r. Bu \u00f6yk\u00fcdeki tek itici yan bir kaz\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n kesildi\u011fi s\u0131rada \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n \u00f6nce korkmalar\u0131, hemen ard\u0131ndan co\u015fkulu davranmalar\u0131d\u0131r. Mansfied \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 \u00e7ok g\u00fczel yans\u0131tsa da bu durum \u00f6yk\u00fcde \u00e7ok kaba ka\u00e7maktad\u0131r. Bir ba\u015fka \u00e7ocuklu \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc Sun ve Moon<\/em> (G\u00fcne\u015f ve Ay) bu kitab\u0131n\u0131n dikkat \u00e7ekici \u00f6yk\u00fclerinden biridir. Mansfield imgeleminde evin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck k\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011funu G\u00fcne\u015f onun erkek karde\u015fini de Ay olarak yans\u0131t\u0131r. Onlar\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fcnden evdeki parti haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 anlat\u0131l\u0131r. Mansfield bu \u00f6yk\u00fcn\u00fcn nas\u0131l olu\u015ftu\u011funu 11-12 \u015eubat 1918 tarihli mektubunda Murry\u2019e \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131r: \u201cGe\u00e7en gece r\u00fcyamda hatta ad\u0131 G\u00fcne\u015f ve Ay olan k\u0131sa bir \u00f6yk\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. O \u00e7ok ayd\u0131nl\u0131kt\u0131. Onun b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6rd\u00fcm -\u00e7ocuklarla ilgili. 6.30\u2019da kalkt\u0131m ve bir iki not ald\u0131m \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc s\u00f6nece\u011fini biliyordum. Bu hafta bir vakit bulup onu g\u00f6nderece\u011fim. O \u00e7ok ho\u015f. Ben okudu\u011fumu d\u00fc\u015flemedim. Hay\u0131r onda onun par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131m ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeden etraf\u0131mda oynad\u0131. Kahraman 5\u2019den fazla de\u011fildi. R\u00fcyamda be\u015f g\u00f6zl\u00fc yemek masas\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fcm.\u201d (19) Bu \u00f6yk\u00fc \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 tan\u0131tlama g\u00fcc\u00fcyle Mansfield\u2019in en ilgi \u00e7ekici \u00f6yk\u00fclerinden biri olmu\u015ftur. Bu \u00f6yk\u00fc ilk olarak Murry\u2019nin edit\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Athenaeum <\/em>(1 Ekim 1920) dergisinde yay\u0131nland\u0131.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ya\u015famdan beslenmenin \u00f6nemi<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Mansfield bu d\u00f6nemlerde yine hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n getirdi\u011fi s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lara direnmektedir. O hen\u00fcz istediklerini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmedi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmektedir. 10 Aral\u0131k 1920 tarihli mektupta Murry\u2019e \u015funlar\u0131 yazar: \u201c\u00d6lmeyi istemem \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karacak hi\u00e7bir \u015fey yapmad\u0131m. Ancak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015f olsayd\u0131m, \u00f6l\u00fcme kadar bile gidebilirdim.\u201d (20) Bu s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na sar\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6yk\u00fc yazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Murry\u2019nin dergisine kitap ele\u015ftirileri de yazar. Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden d\u00f6nem d\u00f6nem de\u011fi\u015fik \u00fclkelerde ya\u015famak zorunda kal\u0131r. \u0130nsanlardan bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kopmas\u0131 ona g\u00f6re kitap ele\u015ftirilerini yazarken bile zorlanmas\u0131n\u0131 getirmektedir. Ona g\u00f6re yazar her zaman ya\u015famdan beslenmelidir. Bu noktada sanat alan\u0131ndaki deneyimlerini zaman zaman daha deneyimsiz sanat\u00e7\u0131 adaylar\u0131na aktarmaktad\u0131r. Murry\u2019nin karde\u015fi ressam aday\u0131 Richard Murry de bu ki\u015filerden biridir. Ona da ya\u015famdan beslenmesini ve kuramsal\u0131n \u00f6tesinde deneysel olan\u0131 da yakalamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini \u00f6\u011f\u00fctlemektedir. Bu \u00f6\u011f\u00fctlerin yan\u0131nda 3 \u015eubat 1921 tarihli mektubunda sanat\u00e7\u0131da olmas\u0131 gereken iki niteli\u011fi belirler: \u201cYaln\u0131zca \u015feylerle y\u00fczle\u015fmek de\u011fil, ancak ger\u00e7ekte onlar\u0131 olu\u015fturanlar\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmek. Nerede oldu\u011fumuzu ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fc nas\u0131l bilebiliriz? Nas\u0131l kendimizi belli yerlerde zay\u0131f olmaktan \u00f6nleyebiliriz? Sonuna kadar giden olmak, d\u00fcr\u00fcst olmak, san\u0131r\u0131m sanat\u00e7\u0131lar ger\u00e7ekte sonuna kadar gidenler olsalard\u0131 ve d\u00fcr\u00fcst olsalard\u0131 d\u00fcnyay\u0131 kurtaracaklard\u0131. Bu \u015feylerin eksikli\u011fi ve onlar\u0131n tersi ya\u015fam\u0131 t\u00fcm\u00fcyle solukla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor. \u0130yi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ya\u015fam\u0131 yukar\u0131 \u00e7eker -k\u00f6t\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ya\u015fam i\u00e7in \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr.\u201d (21)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

En \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 kitab\u0131: Bah\u00e7e Partisi<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Mansfield d\u00fcr\u00fcst \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131n sonucunu g\u00f6r\u00fcr. 1922\u2019de Garden Party <\/em>(Bah\u00e7e Partisi) yay\u0131nlan\u0131r. O Afrika\u2019dan Amerika\u2019ya d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yan\u0131nda bu yap\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131nland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da g\u00f6recektir. \u00d6yk\u00fc kitab\u0131 canl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde aile ili\u015fkilerini yans\u0131tan At The Bay<\/em> (Koyda) \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcyle a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Aile ili\u015fkileri i\u00e7inde \u00e7ocuk kahraman Kezia ve b\u00fcy\u00fckannesi aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki \u00e7ok s\u0131cak bi\u00e7imde yans\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r. Kezia\u2019n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckannesiyle ilgili kayg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erecek bi\u00e7imde ikisi \u00f6l\u00fcm \u00fczerine konu\u015furlar. Bir s\u00fcre sonra s\u0131cak ili\u015fkileri bu konuyu unutturur. Kezia \u201chi\u00e7bir zaman\u201d b\u00fcy\u00fckannesinin kendisini b\u0131rakmamas\u0131n\u0131 isterken \u201cHer ikisi de hi\u00e7bir zaman\u0131n neyle ilgili oldu\u011funu unutmu\u015flard\u0131r.\u201d (22)<\/p>\n

\"\"
Katherine Mansfield Yeni Zelanda yerli halk\u0131yla birlikte (Te Whaiti, 1907).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Garden Party <\/em>(Bah\u00e7e Partisi) bu \u00f6yk\u00fc kitab\u0131n\u0131n havas\u0131n\u0131 en iyi yans\u0131tan \u00f6yk\u00fclerden biridir. Bu ba\u011flamda birka\u00e7 \u00f6yk\u00fcde ya\u015famdaki s\u0131k\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015fl\u0131klar de\u011fi\u015fik bi\u00e7imlerde yans\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r. Bu \u00f6yk\u00fcde bir k\u0131z i\u00e7inde kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 durum kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda gerginlik ya\u015far. Varl\u0131kl\u0131 kesimden olan bu k\u0131z\u0131n aile \u00fcyeleri benzer tedirginlikleri duymazlar. Gen\u00e7 k\u0131z \u00f6nce yoksul kesimden olan kom\u015fular\u0131n\u0131n evin erke\u011finin \u00f6lmesi \u00fczerine d\u00fczenleyecekleri partiyi erteletmek ister, ba\u015faramaz. Sonra zorla aileye ba\u015fsa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na k\u0131z\u0131 yan\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli arma\u011fanlarla g\u00f6nderirler. K\u0131z\u0131n kom\u015fu evdeki tedirginli\u011fi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fcden yans\u0131yan dinginlik \u00f6yk\u00fcde \u00e7ok g\u00fczel yans\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r: \u201cOrada bir gen\u00e7 adam yat\u0131yor, uykuya dalm\u0131\u015f -\u00f6ylesine deliksiz, \u00f6ylesine derin uykuda ki onlar\u0131n her ikisinden \u00e7ok, pek\u00e7ok uzakta. Ah, \u00f6ylesine uzak, \u00f6ylesine sakin. O d\u00fc\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcyordu. Asla yeniden onu uyand\u0131rma. Onun ba\u015f\u0131 yast\u0131\u011fa g\u00f6m\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc, g\u00f6zleri kapal\u0131yd\u0131; onlar kapal\u0131 g\u00f6zkapaklar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda k\u00f6rd\u00fcler. O kendini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne b\u0131rakt\u0131. Bah\u00e7e partilerinin ve sepetlerin ve dantel elbisenin onun i\u00e7in ne \u00f6nemi vard\u0131? O b\u00fct\u00fcn bu \u015feylerin uza\u011f\u0131ndayd\u0131. O e\u015fsizdi, g\u00fczeldi. Onlar g\u00fcl\u00fcyorken ve topluluk \u00e7al\u0131yorken, bu mucize dar yola ula\u015ft\u0131. Mutlu\u2026 mutlu\u2026Her \u015fey iyi, dedi bu uyuyan y\u00fcz. Bu tam olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi gibi. Ben ho\u015fnutum.\u201d (23)<\/p>\n

The Daughters of the Late Colonel<\/em> (\u00d6l\u00fc Albay\u0131n K\u0131zlar\u0131) \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcnde ya\u015famlar\u0131 boyunca babalar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcnden \u00e7\u0131kmam\u0131\u015f iki k\u0131z\u0131n \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc anlat\u0131l\u0131r. Bu iki k\u0131z\u0131n esini aralar\u0131nda Mansfield\u2019\u0131n arkada\u015f\u0131 Ida Baker\u2019\u0131n da bulundu\u011fu ve ge\u00e7mi\u015fte tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 birka\u00e7 k\u0131z\u0131n kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan do\u011fmu\u015ftur. (24) \u00d6yk\u00fcde babalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6md\u00fckten sonra evin k\u0131zlar\u0131 tedirginlik i\u00e7inde onun ruhunu \u00fczerlerinde duyarlar. Sanki baban\u0131n ruhu e\u015fyalar\u0131n aras\u0131nda gezmektedir. \u00d6yk\u00fcn\u00fcn sonlar\u0131nda tek ba\u015f\u0131na deniz kenar\u0131ndayken kendini biraz rahat duyabildi\u011fini s\u00f6yleyen Constantia\u2019n\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131yla ilgili olarak kafas\u0131nda \u015funlar canlan\u0131r: \u201cAma olan her \u015fey bir t\u00fcnel bi\u00e7iminde olmu\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. Ger\u00e7ek de\u011fildi. Ay\u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ya da deniz kenar\u0131nda ya da f\u0131rt\u0131nada t\u00fcnelin d\u0131\u015f\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yaln\u0131zca ger\u00e7ekten kendini duyuyordu.\u201d (25) Mansfield bu \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc \u00c7ehov\u2019un \u00dc\u00e7 K\u0131z Karde\u015f<\/em>\u2019inden sonraki en bo\u011fucu \u00f6yk\u00fc olarak tan\u0131mlayan romanc\u0131 William Gerhardi\u2019ye \u00f6yk\u00fcyle ilgili \u015funlar\u0131 yazar: \u201cBu \u00f6yk\u00fcy\u00fc yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131mda onu ya\u015fad\u0131m hem de bitti\u011finde, itiraf edeyim okuyucular\u0131m\u0131n benim a\u00e7\u0131klamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 anlayacaklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok fazla umdum. Ama \u00e7ok az\u0131 anlad\u0131. Onun zalim oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcler. Onlar Jug\u2019u ve Constantia\u2019y\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsedi\u011fimi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcler. Onun kasvetli oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcler. Ve son paragrafta zavall\u0131 ya\u015fl\u0131 \u015feylerle alay ediyordum. B\u00f6ylesine yanl\u0131\u015f anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmak hemen hemen \u00fcrk\u00fct\u00fcc\u00fc durumdur. \u0130lk kez \u2018fikir\u2019in olu\u015ftu\u011fu e\u011flendirici olarak iki k\u0131zkarde\u015fi g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm bir an vard\u0131, ancak daha derine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m an (tamamen d\u00fcr\u00fcst olal\u0131m) onlar\u0131n ya\u015famlar\u0131nda gizli kalan g\u00fczelli\u011fe e\u011fildim ve b\u00fct\u00fcn arzum ke\u015ffetmekti\u2026 Benim iki s\u00fcss\u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fcn bu \u00fcrkek jestle g\u00fcne\u015fe d\u00f6nmesiyle bu son paragrafa yol a\u00e7acak bi\u00e7imde her \u015fey elbette anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. \u2018Belki \u015fimdi.\u2019 Ve bundan sonra bana Baban\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fc olmas\u0131 kadar ger\u00e7ek bi\u00e7imde onlar da \u00f6l\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc.\u201d (26) \u00dc\u00e7 K\u0131z Karde\u015f<\/em>\u2019deki bo\u011fucu hava bu \u00f6yk\u00fcde yans\u0131makla birlikte Mansfield\u2019in bu kitaptaki \u00f6yk\u00fcleri \u00c7ehov\u2019un \u00f6yk\u00fclerine benzemez. Kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir bak\u0131\u015fla yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca Mansfield\u2019de \u00c7ehov\u2019da yans\u0131yan toplumcu yan yoktur. Bununla birlikte Mansfield her kitab\u0131n\u0131 o kitaba \u00f6zg\u00fc havay\u0131 yans\u0131tan \u00f6yk\u00fclerden olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Bir \u00f6yk\u00fc ona g\u00f6re kitab\u0131n havas\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tm\u0131yorsa kitab\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bah\u00e7e Partisi<\/em>\u2019nde yay\u0131nlanan First Ball<\/em> (Onun \u0130lk Balosu) \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc bu ba\u011flamda ilgin\u00e7 \u00f6yk\u00fclerden biridir. Bu \u00f6yk\u00fcde ergenlik d\u00f6nemindeki gen\u00e7 Leila ilk balosuna kat\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130lk balosunun heyecan\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015farken \u015fi\u015fman densiz bir adamla dans etmek zorunda kal\u0131r. Onun olumsuz durumu \u015f\u00f6yle yans\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r: \u201cNeden mutluluk sonsuza kadar s\u00fcrmedi. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc sonsuza kadar bir par\u00e7a uzun de\u011fil miydi.\u201d (27) Yine de i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu olumsuz durumdan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nca gen\u00e7 k\u0131z baloda eski ne\u015fesini yakalar. Bu \u00f6yk\u00fcde duru bir anlat\u0131mla gen\u00e7 k\u0131z\u0131n ruh durumu g\u00fczelce ortaya konmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

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Katherine Mansfield 1906\u2019da.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

An \u0130deal Family<\/em> (\u00d6rnek Aile) \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcndeyse \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayla ge\u00e7irmi\u015f ya\u015fl\u0131 Neave\u2019in ruh durumu \u015fiirsel bir dille yans\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r. Ya\u015fl\u0131 adam\u0131n y\u0131llar\u0131n eme\u011fini bar\u0131nd\u0131ran yorgunlu\u011fu bu \u00f6yk\u00fcde bo\u011fucu bir havada veriliyordu. Adam\u0131n i\u015ften eve geldi\u011finde kendiyle ilgili d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri \u00f6yk\u00fcde \u015f\u00f6yle aktar\u0131l\u0131r: \u201cB\u00fct\u00fcn onun uyuklayan beyninin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebildi\u011fi kendi i\u00e7in \u00e7ok zengindi. Ve her \u015feyin gerisinde bir yerlerde o sonsuz merdiven basamaklar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0131rmanan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck solgun eski zamandan kalma adam\u0131 izliyordu. O kimdi?\u201d (28) O niye bu kadar hi\u00e7 bitmeyen bir \u00e7aban\u0131n i\u00e7indeydi? Onun ger\u00e7ekten bir ailesi var m\u0131yd\u0131? \u00d6yk\u00fcn\u00fcn sonunda ailesiyle ilgili her \u015fey bir d\u00fc\u015f gibi durur, bulan\u0131kla\u015f\u0131r. \u00d6yk\u00fcn\u00fcn sonunda bu varl\u0131kl\u0131 ama yaln\u0131z adam her ak\u015fam yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi hizmetlisinin \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeme\u011fe \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fi\u015ftirip inmek zorundad\u0131r. Sonu\u00e7 olarak Bah\u00e7e Partisi <\/em>kitab\u0131 Mansfield\u2019in ya\u015farken \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 kitap i\u00e7inde en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 olan\u0131d\u0131r. Bu kitab\u0131nda Kat\u0131ks\u0131z Mutluluk<\/em>\u2019a g\u00f6re daha az \u015fakac\u0131 \u00f6yk\u00fcler vard\u0131r. \u015eakac\u0131 \u00f6yk\u00fclerinden biri The Singing Lesson<\/em>\u2019d\u0131r. Bununla birlikte bu kitab\u0131 Mansfield\u2019in en etkileyici \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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\u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra \u00e7\u0131kan kitaplar\u0131<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc y\u0131l yani 1923\u2019de Dove\u2019s Nest <\/em>(Kumru Yuvas\u0131) kitab\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar. Mansfield ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n son y\u0131llar\u0131nda bu kitaptaki \u00f6yk\u00fcler \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bu kitab\u0131nda bitmi\u015f alt\u0131 \u00f6yk\u00fcn\u00fcn yan\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok bitmemi\u015f \u00f6yk\u00fc de yer al\u0131r. Bu kitab\u0131n ilk \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc The Doll\u2019s House <\/em>(Oyuncak Bebek Evi) yine \u00e7ocuk kahraman\u0131 Kezia \u00fczerine kuruludur. \u00d6yk\u00fcde Kezia ve ablalar\u0131 oyuncak evi arkada\u015flar\u0131na g\u00f6stermek isterler. Abla bu noktada \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar: \u201c\u2018Ben anlatmal\u0131y\u0131m\u2019 dedi Isabel, \u2018\u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc en ya\u015fl\u0131 benim. Ve siz ikiniz sonra kat\u0131labilirsiniz. Ama ilk ben anlatmal\u0131y\u0131m.\u2019 Yan\u0131tlayacak hi\u00e7bir \u015fey yoktu. Isabel patrondu, ama o hep hakl\u0131yd\u0131 ve Lottie ve Kezia en ya\u015fl\u0131yla s\u00fcre giden g\u00fc\u00e7leri \u00e7ok iyi bilirlerdi.\u201d (29) Yaln\u0131zca ailelerin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n arkada\u015fl\u0131k etmesini istemedi\u011fi kenar mahalleden iki karde\u015f bu evi g\u00f6rememi\u015ftir. Ger\u00e7ekten bu \u00f6yk\u00fcde \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n, \u00f6zellikle Kezia\u2019n\u0131n co\u015fkulu durumlar\u0131 \u00e7ok g\u00fczel yans\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kezia sonunda dayanamay\u0131p \u00f6b\u00fcr iki \u00e7ocu\u011fa da evi g\u00f6stermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015facakt\u0131r. Mansfield\u2019in \u00f6yk\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki en \u00f6nemli yanlardan biri \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 son derece ustal\u0131kl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde ele almas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu kitaptaki en etkili \u00f6yk\u00fclerden biri Mansfield\u2019in ya\u015fam\u0131ndan izler ta\u015f\u0131yan The Fly<\/em>\u2019d\u0131r (Sinek). 18 Mart 1922\u2019de ilkin Athenaeum<\/em>\u2019da yay\u0131nlanan bu \u00f6yk\u00fcdeki banka m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Mansfield\u2019in babas\u0131 ve onun o\u011flu da karde\u015fiyle ilgili izlenimlerle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u00f6yk\u00fcde o\u011flunu sava\u015fta yitiren bir baban\u0131n ruhsal durumu yans\u0131r. Belli ki bu otoriter bir babad\u0131r. Baban\u0131n ac\u0131l\u0131 durumu \u00f6yk\u00fcde \u015f\u00f6yle verilir: \u201cO zaman bildirmi\u015f, herkese a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131 zaman\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fiklik yaratamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131. \u00d6b\u00fcr insanlar belki kendine gelebilirdi, onlar kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131 unutacak bi\u00e7imde ya\u015fayabilirdi, ama o de\u011fil. Nas\u0131l olanakl\u0131yd\u0131 o? Onun \u00e7ocu\u011fu tek o\u011fluydu. Onun do\u011fumundan beri patron onun ad\u0131na bu i\u015fi kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. O\u011flu ad\u0131na olmasa ba\u015fka anlam\u0131 olmazd\u0131. Ya\u015fam\u0131n kendisi ba\u015fka bir anlam ta\u015f\u0131mazd\u0131.\u201d (30) Burada o\u011flunun \u00fczerinde etkili olmak isteyen bir baba tablosu \u00e7izilir. \u00d6yk\u00fcn\u00fcn sonunda baba kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k duygular i\u00e7inde m\u00fcrekkep hokkas\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen sinekle oynar. Sinek \u00e7\u0131kmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r, baba defalarca sine\u011fi m\u00fcrekkebin i\u00e7ine at\u0131p zor duruma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr. Sinek simgesi sava\u015f\u0131n do\u011fal sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lamamas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir gibidir. Bununla birlikte Mansfield sava\u015f\u0131n gidi\u015finin ve bitme a\u015famalar\u0131n\u0131n bile uluslar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na g\u00f6re y\u00f6nlendirildi\u011fini g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. O Murry\u2019e 9 Mart 1918\u2019de \u015funlar\u0131 yazar: \u201cAmerika\u2019n\u0131n giri\u015fi ve gecikmesi salt ticari temellere dayal\u0131yd\u0131. Wilson olabildi\u011fince \u00e7ok sava\u015f kazan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 toplamakta diretti, Almanya\u2019n\u0131n ondan al\u0131nan bu kazan\u00e7lara sahip olmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc kesmeye geldi.\u201d (31) Mansfield genelde sava\u015f\u0131n getirdi\u011fi sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck ac\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131, bir\u00e7ok yak\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 sava\u015fta yitirdi. Bu \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc onun sava\u015fla ilgili ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n sonucunda \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu \u00f6yk\u00fc kitab\u0131nda bitmemi\u015f \u00f6yk\u00fcler i\u00e7inde de de\u011fi\u015fik \u00f6yk\u00fcler vard\u0131r. Yolculu\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan baba ve k\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Father and the Girls<\/em> (Baba ve K\u0131zlar) b\u00f6yledir. \u00d6yk\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015f\u0131nda uzaklara gitmeyi d\u00fc\u015fleyen tar\u0131m i\u015f\u00e7isi \u00e7ocu\u011fun duygular\u0131 ileride baba ve k\u0131zlar\u0131n ko\u015fullar\u0131yla \u00e7at\u0131\u015facak bi\u00e7imde ortaya konur. O uzaklara u\u00e7mak ister ama gitme \u015fans\u0131 yoktur. Ayr\u0131ca bu \u00e7ocu\u011fun g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tren kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocuk\u00e7a duygular\u0131 \u00f6yk\u00fcde olduk\u00e7a g\u00fczel verilir: \u201c\u00d6\u011fle vakti annesiyle otele ait olan vi\u015fne bah\u00e7esinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya gelmi\u015f olan Ernestine, donuk, uzaktan, \u0130talya\u2019dan gelen trenin \u00e7uf \u00e7uf sesini duydu. Trenler Ernestine i\u00e7in yenilikti; onlar b\u00fcy\u00fcleyici, bilinmez, korkun\u00e7tu. Vadinin i\u00e7inden yolunu y\u0131rtarak, sanki da\u011flar onlar\u0131 durduramazcas\u0131na da\u011flar\u0131n aras\u0131na dalarak geldi\u011findeki gibi ne vard\u0131? Ona do\u011fru olarak savrulan b\u00f6ylesine \u00e7\u0131plak, b\u00f6ylesine g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc karanl\u0131k, d\u00fcz makine hayvan\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, o bir zay\u0131fl\u0131k duyard\u0131- yere batabilirdi.\u201d (32) Yine bitmemi\u015f \u00f6yk\u00fclerden Honesty <\/em>(D\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck) biri bilgi\u00e7 \u00f6b\u00fcr\u00fc her \u015feye kafa sallayan edilgin biri olan iki arkada\u015fla ilgilidir. Edilgin \u00e7ocu\u011fun nas\u0131l babas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan o duruma getirildi\u011fi \u00f6yk\u00fcde \u00e7ok g\u00fczel aktar\u0131l\u0131r: \u201c\u0130ki bu\u00e7u\u011funda bebek burnu de\u011firmenta\u015f\u0131na sokuldu ve pazarlar\u0131 bile \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmad\u0131. Daha sonra babas\u0131 onu y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc ve d\u00fckkan tabelalar\u0131n\u0131 ona heceleterek, limanda yar\u0131\u015fan yatlar\u0131 sayd\u0131rarak, onlar\u0131 d\u00f6rde b\u00f6lerek, sonucu \u00fc\u00e7le \u00e7arpt\u0131rarak durumu geli\u015ftirdi (\u2026) K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kurban onlara da g\u00f6zl\u00fckleriyle \u00f6b\u00fcr k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n pudinglere g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc dikti\u011fi gibi g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc dikti.\u201d (33) Burada \u00e7ocu\u011fun ailesi taraf\u0131ndan deha yaratmak \u00fczere nas\u0131l aptalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok g\u00fczel konur.<\/p>\n

Mansfield\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra \u00e7\u0131kan bir ba\u015fka kitap 1924\u2019de ilk kez bas\u0131lan Something Childish and Other Stories<\/em>\u2019dir (\u00c7ocuksu Bir \u015eey ve \u00d6b\u00fcr \u00d6yk\u00fcler). Bu kitapta Mansfield\u2019in \u00f6b\u00fcr kitaplar\u0131 kadar dikkat \u00e7ekici \u00f6yk\u00fcler yer almaz. Yine de Little Girl <\/em>(K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck K\u0131z) [1912] \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc biraz daha \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar. Baba k\u0131z ili\u015fkisinin anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6yk\u00fcde, k\u0131z yaln\u0131z baba yetkesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda tedirgindir: \u201c\u00d6b\u00fcr insanlarlayken asla pepelemezdi -tamamen onu b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131- ama yaln\u0131zca babas\u0131yla oldu\u011fu zaman, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc k\u0131z uygun bi\u00e7imde s\u00f6zc\u00fckleri s\u00f6ylemek i\u00e7in \u00e7ok s\u0131k\u0131 \u00e7abal\u0131yordu.\u201d (34) Yine de \u00f6yk\u00fcde baban\u0131n \u00e7ocu\u011fuyla belli bir uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 korurken \u00e7ocu\u011funa s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tmas\u0131 dikkate de\u011ferdir: \u201cO b\u00fcy\u00fckannesinden daha sertti, ama ho\u015f bir sertlikti\u2026 Ve her g\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 gerekmi\u015fti ve Mr Macdonald olmak i\u00e7in \u00e7ok yorgundu.\u201d (35)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 el verdi\u011fince \u00f6zg\u00fcrce ya\u015fad\u0131<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Mansfield \u00f6yk\u00fclerini olu\u015ftururken sanat\u00e7\u0131 arkada\u015flar\u0131yla belli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. Kendinden gen\u00e7 sanat\u00e7\u0131lara \u00f6neriler sundu, sanat\u00e7\u0131 arkada\u015flar\u0131na kendi dal\u0131 olmayan alanlarda bile ele\u015ftiriler getirdi. Kendi \u00e7evresiyle s\u0131cak ili\u015fkiler kurdu. Yine de Mansfield\u2019in \u00fcst kesimden gelen bir ki\u015fi olarak belli bir se\u00e7kinci tutum ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek gerekir. Richard Murry\u2019e 20 A\u011fustos 1922\u2019de Charlie Chaplin\u2019le ilgili olarak \u015funlar\u0131 yazar: \u201cThe Kid\u2019de Charlie\u2019yi g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. \u0130lk u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm gibi sana nas\u0131l eski moda geliyor olmal\u0131. O harika bir sanat\u00e7\u0131. Yaz\u0131k ki halka ba\u011fl\u0131- \u00e7ok az olsa bile \u00f6yle. San\u0131r\u0131m onlar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmesi ac\u0131mad\u0131r.\u201d (36) Bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalardan Chaplin\u2019in sanat\u0131na se\u00e7kinci bir bak\u0131\u015fla ele\u015ftiri getirdi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir. Yine de Mansfield de\u011fi\u015fik kesimlerden insanlar\u0131n durumlar\u0131na \u00f6yk\u00fclerinde yer vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

O \u00f6zellikle son y\u0131llar\u0131nda doktorlar\u0131n yaln\u0131zca hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n fiziki yan\u0131yla ilgilendiklerinden, ruhsal durumunu g\u00f6rmezden geldiklerinden yak\u0131n\u0131yordu. Bu noktada \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne yak\u0131n bir d\u00f6nemde bir toplulu\u011fa kat\u0131ld\u0131. Bu topluluk birlikte bir ya\u015fam alan\u0131 kuran, ortakla\u015farak ya\u015fayan bir topluluktu. Yemek yaparak, bah\u00e7e i\u015fleriyle u\u011fra\u015farak vakitlerini ge\u00e7iriyorlard\u0131. Mansfield son d\u00f6nemlerinde ruhsal olarak rahatlam\u0131\u015f olsa da hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilerliyordu. Son aylar\u0131nda \u00f6yk\u00fc yazmay\u0131 b\u0131rakt\u0131. 9 Ocak 1923\u2019de onun \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerine kocas\u0131 Murry \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p geldi. Ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn Mansfield ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi. Onun i\u00e7in yazarl\u0131k ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131. Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 el verdi\u011fince \u00f6zg\u00fcrce ya\u015fad\u0131 ve yap\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturdu. Korktu\u011fu pek olmad\u0131, hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 hedeflerine ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 en az\u0131ndan bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde engelleyemedi. 30 May\u0131s 1917\u2019de g\u00fcncesine yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi onun i\u00e7in ama\u00e7 buydu: \u201cYa\u015famak, \u2018yazar\u2019 olmak yeter. Az \u00f6nce masam\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda otururken, birisinin, birisine g\u00fcl\u00fcmseyerek elini uzatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, onunla konu\u015ftu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. Birden yumru\u011fumu s\u0131k\u0131p masan\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne vurdum. \u2018Bundan daha de\u011ferli bir \u015fey olamaz!\u2019 diye ba\u011f\u0131rd\u0131m.\u201d (37)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

D\u0130PNOTLAR<\/strong><\/p>\n

1) Ed. Margaret Scott, Vincent O\u2019Sullivan, The Collected Letters Of K.M-1, Oxford University Press, New York, 2007, s.42.<\/p>\n

2) Katherine Mansfield, Bir H\u00fcz\u00fcn G\u00fcncesi, \u00c7ev: \u015eadan Karadeniz, Can Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, May\u0131s 2006, s.30.<\/p>\n

3) Ed. Margaret Scott, Vincent O\u2019Sullivan, The Collected Letters Of K.M-5, Oxford University Press, New York, 2008, s.92.<\/p>\n

4) Ed. Margaret Scott, Vincent O\u2019Sullivan, The Collected Letters Of K.M-1, Oxford University Press, New York, 2007, s.190.<\/p>\n

5) Katherine Mansfield, The Collected Stories of K. M., Wordsworth Classics, London, 2006, s.606.<\/p>\n

6) Katherine Mansfield, ayn\u0131, s.633-634.<\/p>\n

7) Katherine Mansfield, ayn\u0131, s.638.<\/p>\n

8) Ed. Margaret Scott, Vincent O\u2019Sullivan, The Collected Letters Of K.M-1, Oxford University Press, New York, 2007, s.318.<\/p>\n

9) Ed. Margaret Scott, Vincent O\u2019Sullivan, The Collected Letters Of K.M-2, Oxford University Press, New York, 2007, s.201.<\/p>\n

10) Ed. Margaret Scott, Vincent O\u2019Sullivan, ayn\u0131, s.260.<\/p>\n

11) Ed. Margaret Scott, Vincent O\u2019Sullivan, The Collected Letters Of K.M-3, Oxford University Press, New York, 2007, s.270.<\/p>\n

12) Ed. Margaret Scott, Vincent O\u2019Sullivan, The Collected Letters Of K.M-2, Oxford University Press, New York, 2007, s.274.<\/p>\n

13) Katherine Mansfield, Bir H\u00fcz\u00fcn G\u00fcncesi, \u00c7ev: \u015eadan Karadeniz, Can Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, May\u0131s 2006, s.142.<\/p>\n

14) Ed. Margaret Scott, Vincent O\u2019Sullivan, The Collected Letters Of K.M-2, Oxford University Press, New York, 2007, s.179.<\/p>\n

15) Katherine Mansfield, Bir H\u00fcz\u00fcn G\u00fcncesi, \u00c7ev: \u015eadan Karadeniz, Can Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, May\u0131s 2006, s.137.<\/p>\n

16) Ed. Margaret Scott, Vincent O\u2019Sullivan, The Collected Letters Of K.M-2, Oxford University Press, New York, 2007, s. 324.<\/p>\n

17) Katherine Mansfield, The Collected Stories of K. M., Wordsworth Classics, London, 2006, s. 89-90.<\/p>\n

18) Katherine Mansfield, ayn\u0131, s. 119.<\/p>\n

19) Ed. Margaret Scott, Vincent O\u2019Sullivan, The Collected Letters Of K.M-2, Oxford University Press, New York, 2007, s.66.<\/p>\n

20) Ed. Margaret Scott, Vincent O\u2019Sullivan, The Collected Letters Of K.M-4, Oxford University Press, New York, 2004, s.147.<\/p>\n

21) Ed. Margaret Scott, Vincent O\u2019Sullivan, ayn\u0131, s.173.<\/p>\n

22) Katherine Mansfield, The Garden Party and Other Stories, Penguin Book, London, 1951, s.40.<\/p>\n

23) Katherine Mansfield, ayn\u0131, s.86-87.<\/p>\n

24) Ed. Margaret Scott, Vincent O\u2019Sullivan, The Collected Letters Of K.M-5, Oxford University Press, New York, 2008, s.169.<\/p>\n

25) Katherine Mansfield, The Garden Party and Other Stories, Penguin Book, London, 1951, s.118.<\/p>\n

26) Ed. Margaret Scott, Vincent O\u2019Sullivan, The Collected Letters Of K.M-4, Oxford University Press, New York, 2004, s. 248-249.<\/p>\n

27) Katherine Mansfield, The Garden Party and Other Stories, Penguin Book, London, 1951, s. 201.<\/p>\n

28) Katherine Mansfield, ayn\u0131, s.244.<\/p>\n

29) Katherine Mansfield, The Collected Stories of K. M., Wordsworth Classics, London, 2006, s.320.<\/p>\n

30) Katherine Mansfield, ayn\u0131, s.346-347.<\/p>\n

31) Ed. Margaret Scott, Vincent O\u2019Sullivan, The Collected Letters Of K.M-2, Oxford University Press, New York, 2007, s.115.<\/p>\n

32) Katherine Mansfield, The Collected Stories of K. M., Wordsworth Classics, London, 2006, s.388.<\/p>\n

33) Katherine Mansfield, ayn\u0131, s.408-409.<\/p>\n

34) Katherine Mansfield, ayn\u0131, s.478.<\/p>\n

35) Katherine Mansfield, ayn\u0131, s.481.<\/p>\n

36) Ed. Margaret Scott, Vincent O\u2019Sullivan, The Collected Letters Of K.M-5, Oxford University Press, New York, 2008, s.250.<\/p>\n

37) Katherine Mansfield, Bir H\u00fcz\u00fcn G\u00fcncesi, \u00c7ev: \u015eadan Karadeniz, Can Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, May\u0131s 2006, s.1.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

KAYNAK\u00c7A<\/strong><\/p>\n

1) Katherine Mansfield, Bir H\u00fcz\u00fcn G\u00fcncesi, \u00c7ev: \u015eadan Karadeniz, Can Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, May\u0131s 2006.<\/p>\n

2) Katherine Mansfield, Kat\u0131ks\u0131z Mutluluk -B\u00fct\u00fcn \u00d6yk\u00fcler- \u00c7ev: Oya Dalg\u0131\u00e7, T\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u015f Bankas\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2009.<\/p>\n

3) Katherine Mansfield, The Collected Stories of K. M., <\/strong>Wordsworth Classics, London, 2006.<\/p>\n

4) Katherine Mansfield, The Garden Party and Other Stories, Penguin Book, London, 1951.<\/p>\n

5) Katherine Mansfield, Se\u00e7me Hikayeler II, \u00c7ev: \u015eadan Karadeniz, Milli E\u011fitim Bas\u0131mevi, Ankara, 1974.<\/p>\n

6) Ed. Margaret Scott, Vincent O\u2019Sullivan, The Collected Letters Of K.M-1, Oxford University Press, New York, 2007.<\/p>\n

7) Ed. Margaret Scott, Vincent O\u2019Sullivan, The Collected Letters Of K.M-2, <\/strong>Oxford University Press, New York, 2007.<\/p>\n

8) Ed. Margaret Scott, Vincent O\u2019Sullivan, The Collected Letters Of K.M-3, <\/strong>Oxford University Press, New York, 2007.<\/p>\n

9) Ed. Margaret Scott, Vincent O\u2019Sullivan, The Collected Letters Of K.M-4, <\/strong>Oxford University Press, New York, 2004.<\/p>\n

10) Ed. Margaret Scott, Vincent O\u2019Sullivan, The Collected Letters Of K.M-5, <\/strong>Oxford University Press, New York, 2008.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Katherine Mansfield i\u00e7in yazarl\u0131k ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131. Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 el verdi\u011fince \u00f6zg\u00fcrce ya\u015fad\u0131 ve yap\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturdu. Korktu\u011fu pek olmad\u0131, hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 hedeflerine ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 en az\u0131ndan bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde engelleyemedi. G\u00fcncesine yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi onun i\u00e7in ama\u00e7 buydu: \u201cYa\u015famak, \u2018yazar\u2019 olmak yeter. Az \u00f6nce masam\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda otururken, birisinin, birisine g\u00fcl\u00fcmseyerek elini uzatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, onunla konu\u015ftu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. Birden yumru\u011fumu s\u0131k\u0131p masan\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne vurdum. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":273,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[122,545],"tags":[275],"class_list":["post-9872","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-85-sayi","category-edebiyat","tag-edebiyat"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t